Any way to accelerate the starting process? - Motorola Photon 4G

hi everyone, my photon using stock rom takes 1 minute 45 seconds to start. is there any way to accelerate it? or install any app?

You can download the Autostarts app and edit the startup options, remove apps, install a new ROM (including formatting partitions), or install CyanogenMod when I'm done with it... it starts up pretty damn fast, like 10 seconds.

Show off!!! Me kidds!!
mrinehart93 said:
You can download the Autostarts app and edit the startup options, remove apps, install a new ROM (including formatting partitions), or install CyanogenMod when I'm done with it... it starts up pretty damn fast, like 10 seconds.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sent from my MB855 using XDA App

radrian92 said:
Show off!!! Me kidds!!
Sent from my MB855 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Actually, showing off for the CM Dev team They're the ones that make it boot fast, not me. But really, try out the Autostarts app. You'll need root access, but it can make a world of difference.

I'm using Android Assistant's Startup Manager to kill apps on startup, but I have never seen anything like a 10 second boot. That would be amazing.
Is there a guide out there to which Android processes don't need to run on startup? I'd love to be able to selectively kill more processes on startup so that it boots faster but I'm afraid of touch too many of the system processes.

Related

[Q] deleting bloatware

i frooze all of my bloatware and then noticed that i could use the market or see web pages in the browser....what should i have not done.... how to reverse it.
JSpeed3 said:
i frooze all of my bloatware and then noticed that i could use the market or see web pages in the browser....what should i have not done.... how to reverse it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You may have froze something that wasn't bloatware, check again just to be sure.
Don't freeze more than a couple apps at a time, then use the phone as you normally would & see if everything works. That way if something goes wrong, it's much easier to figure out which is the essential app
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
sublimaze said:
Don't freeze more than a couple apps at a time, then use the phone as you normally would & see if everything works. That way if something goes wrong, it's much easier to figure out which is the essential app
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App[/QUOTE
ok got things working again, now i cant make or receive calls...this has sumthing to do with the LTE SWITCH
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
the lte switch has nothing to do with phone calls since calls arent made over data. my advice? switch to a rom that is already debloated. save yourself the trouble
Can you list the apps you froze here?
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
If you are still having connection problems
1. Unfreeze everything
2. Reboot
3. Turn on airplane mode
4. Turn off airplane mode
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
Unfreeze half the apps you froze, see if the problem goes away. If it doesn't, freeze them again and unfreeze the other half.
Keep freezing half at a time, switching to the other half when you cause the problem again and you will very quickly identify which app is causing your issue when frozen.
If you start with 32 apps that you frozen and you freeze the wrong half every time following this process, you will track down the problem in just 10 steps.
Focus on one issue at at time, ie X either works or it doesn't.
If you have more than one issue just repeat the same procedure. You could try and track more than one issue at a time, but that makes a very simple process more complex.
Here is a list of confirmed bloatware that is safe to freeze/remove, just in case: http://forum.androidcentral.com/thu...afe-remove-once-rooted-how-put-them-back.html
Basically do not remove VZW Backup and Friend Stream
JSpeed3 said:
i frooze all of my bloatware and then noticed that i could use the market or see web pages in the browser....what should i have not done.... how to reverse it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you do a backup before freezing any apps? If so, load the backup and start again by freezing a few at a time. Or you could just unfreeze all the apps you froze.
When I first rooted my phone I actually moved the apps off my phone onto my sdcard and renamed them. Now I'm running a custom rom and that is working great.

Why do stock apps launch at boot?

Why do stock apps launch at boot? Like accuweather and yahoo?
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Nobody? Find it stupid that a lot of apps launch and take up ram even though they are never used.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
It's how samsung designed it and if it bugs you just root the phone and freeze the apps with titanium backup
borchgrevink said:
Nobody? Find it stupid that a lot of apps launch and take up ram even though they are never used.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this is just how android works. it loads up many apps on boot, and in the background even when you didnt not open them, so that it is faster the next time you need to use said apps. some people hate it, but the bottom line is there's nothing you can do about it except remove those apps from your phone. its just how android is built.
You have problems with RAM ? I use like 10% most of the time.
Free RAM is wasted resource. Stop thinking of things in terms of how Windows work with it crappy resource management system previous to Windows 7.
Well, if the RAM used for these apps could have been used to store apps that I really USE instead of apps I don't us, the useful apps could have been started quicker... (and apps I have used recently would not have been kicked out of memory so fast.
do not worry about that.
just uninstall the apps you never use.
I've said it before, and I'll say it again they need to make the system *really* clever by having it learn what apps you use the most and load the relevant processes rather than stuff which is unlikely to get used.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Premium App
snudel said:
do not worry about that.
just uninstall the apps you never use.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
But I am not eager to root...
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
borchgrevink said:
But I am not eager to root...
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Then you will have to live with it
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Premium App
borchgrevink said:
Why do stock apps launch at boot? Like accuweather and yahoo?
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Captain Obvious speaking here , forgive me: If you have the weather widget on screen , or those live wallpapers that link with weather, your accuweather process needs to run.
And any app that has notification mode (like yahoo) will start up on boot, check what it is supposed to do ("are my notifications on or off?") and then recede to background if there is nothing to do or if the notifications are disabled.
If after boot you press and hold the home button, tap "task manager" then switch to the "ram" tab - does it show that you are using all 800 or so MB of memory with all those background apps? Probably not.
what annoys me is that at bootup it loads up apps i use once a week or so and makes it take ages before the phone is usable. fine, keep it in memory once i've used it but don't load everything at bootup ffs
we really need a msconfig type thing to stop this.
tommo123 said:
what annoys me is that at bootup it loads up apps i use once a week or so and makes it take ages before the phone is usable. fine, keep it in memory once i've used it but don't load everything at bootup ffs
we really need a msconfig type thing to stop this.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this sounds like its your first android phone. you arent the first person to notice this and be unhappy about it. this topic has been beaten to death in the android world. there are utilities you can do to remove broadcast receivers upon startup etc as well as tweak the internal memory algorithm numbers to be more aggressive. but in the end you are going against the OS. its best to remove any app you dont use and dont want starting up like that. and if you need root for that, then this just goes to show why so many people love getting a pure android nexus phone, because this type of nonsense doesnt exist there. its pure barebones elegance, with the OS working precisely as intended. zero samsung bloatware.
tommo123 said:
it take ages before the phone is usable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My sgs2 takes about 18seconds to boot to be usable thats good for a smart phone my x10 took about 40 and my old x1 was even longer.
kreoXDA said:
Captain Obvious speaking here , forgive me: If you have the weather widget on screen , or those live wallpapers that link with weather, your accuweather process needs to run.
And any app that has notification mode (like yahoo) will start up on boot, check what it is supposed to do ("are my notifications on or off?") and then recede to background if there is nothing to do or if the notifications are disabled.
If after boot you press and hold the home button, tap "task manager" then switch to the "ram" tab - does it show that you are using all 800 or so MB of memory with all those background apps? Probably not.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well Captain Obvious, I never run or use these apps and widgets... Hehe. That's why I asked originally...
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
RogerPodacter said:
this sounds like its your first android phone. you arent the first person to notice this and be unhappy about it. this topic has been beaten to death in the android world. there are utilities you can do to remove broadcast receivers upon startup etc as well as tweak the internal memory algorithm numbers to be more aggressive. but in the end you are going against the OS. its best to remove any app you dont use and dont want starting up like that. and if you need root for that, then this just goes to show why so many people love getting a pure android nexus phone, because this type of nonsense doesnt exist there. its pure barebones elegance, with the OS working precisely as intended. zero samsung bloatware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
my 2nd actually (desire last time round), rooted both, same annoyances in both - not HTC bloat, or samsung - the fact that i can't have control (key word here) over my phone. i mean if i wanted an OS without options i would have gone for an iphone!
i've tried a few apps that claim to stop apps booting up but they all fail.
as far as removing them, why? a simpler solution would be to stop the damn things running all the time. i don't use photoshop on my PC daily but i'm not going to install/uninstall the thing as i use it. it should just sit there waiting to be ran not doing anything at all until that moment.
silentbob59 said:
My sgs2 takes about 18seconds to boot to be usable thats good for a smart phone my x10 took about 40 and my old x1 was even longer.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
still a long time when you're looking at the screen wishing it would hurry the hell up. seriously, count it. boot up your phone in front of someone with winmo 7 or an iphone then, after it turns on and you see the first glimpse of your homescreen say - it'll just take another 20 seconds or so. 1...., 2..... 3..... 4..... 5...... etc etc etc.
it's annoying and bad practise from an "instant on" standpoint. i want to turn it on, type in pin, see homescreen and hit a shortcut and have it load. not have to other stuff i wont use that day to load in the background first.
------
anyhoo - this is something that annoys me - big time ...obviously
yeah its just something that you're gonna have to live with. its just the way android is designed for better or worse.
If you have root, get an app called Gemini app manager, its free and you can tweak the autorun settings for anything.
That not the OS caching in ram(good) but stuff you dont need running and using cpu etc(bad).
Just be carefull about what you tweak and backup etc.
Surely stock apps don't each that much battery right? my ram is usually 200MB-300MB / 1GB and I'm using a brand new SG2 stock firmware / unrooted and the only widgets i have are pictures/weather/google search.
Even though social hub, digital clock, etc still run in "Running applications" the list is pretty small...

[Q] how to make phone usable quicker? stop media scanning etc on boot?

when i turn my phone on, i want to use it straight away. the sgs2 takes an age to become usable due to media scanning which is pointless unless it's just been connected to a PC, then there's all the apps loading in the background which makes the phone unusable until that's all finished.
when i turn it on, it's slow to respond to even the pin entering part. the unlock pattern screen doesn't register at all for 30 seconds sometimes and registers an error meaning you have to wait another 30 seconds to do it again.
short of forcably uninstalling every single app on the phone and not having an sd card in there, how the hell can i make it usable as soon as i unlock it? meaning no scanning, no app loading etc etc etc?
Do you expect to be able to use your pc as soon as you press the power button?
Just have patience...
I kind of understand your problem with the media scanner. It does seem to run unnecessarily a lot of the time. The app problem though is just part of android. You could download an app i think it is called autostarts and you can disable a lot of apps from starting up straight away.
tommo123 said:
how the hell can i make it usable as soon as i unlock it? meaning no scanning, no app loading etc etc etc?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Let me google that for you.
How long does it take to boot ur device and is their a asop rom for your device?
And if their isn't one, tell me the best rom you guys have and I'll see if I can help you guys out.
Sent from my Sensation using XDA App
Darkside Agent said:
Do you expect to be able to use your pc as soon as you press the power button?
Just have patience...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
the power button? no. once i hit the desktop - yes. i don't have every single application installed on my PC running itself for no reason. some try to load something but that's what msconfig/services.msc is for.
ephumuris said:
I kind of understand your problem with the media scanner. It does seem to run unnecessarily a lot of the time. The app problem though is just part of android. You could download an app i think it is called autostarts and you can disable a lot of apps from starting up straight away.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i tried autostarts but it doesn't stop all apps. the ebay one, titanium backup etc all run by themselves without me doing a damn thing.
oinkylicious said:
Let me google that for you.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
variants of autostarts? not enough of a diff made.
mohsinkhan47 said:
How long does it take to boot ur device and is their a asop rom for your device?
And if their isn't one, tell me the best rom you guys have and I'll see if I can help you guys out.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
booting, not long really. it's the delay in the phone being usable once booted that's the prob. best rom? everyone'll have a diff opinion. we do have CM but i've never got on with their roms. oxygen also was laggy so went back ti criskelo
Rescan media Root, this app can disable media scanning, but I think this phone has pretty fast boot.
it does, it's what happens once it's booted to the homescreen thats the problem.
will try that, ta.
as far as i've heard, the scan disabling only affects the stock player which i don't use.
Up to 30 seconds? ****ing hell. For me boot time takes no longer than 10 seconds from pressing the power button to getting onto my homescreen, from there I can do whatever I want, weather the media scanner is running or not. Just root your device and freeze the media scanner.
i have rooted. i'm guessing it's all the apps being loaded in the background more than anything else.
when i connect via usb, then disconnect - the scanning doesn't impact usability
Can't u disable media scanner?
Sent from my Sensation using XDA App
Ohh snap u guys just got root... if u guys can tell me where I can get the original rom I can Dec for u guys...maybe
Sent from my Sensation using XDA App

I hate this about Android!!! How do i fix it?

TuneIn Radio
FaceBook
Just 2 of the many Apps that run background processes without my permission and offer no options to stop them loading on boot.
Why TuneIn Radio needs a background process is beyond me. But its a blatant abuse of a weakness in android.
Is there a way to stop these processes for good? or is uninstall the only option?
Don't use bad apps. And learn how the system works.
Download 'All-In-One' toolbox, it will allow you to disable startup processes, some advice you might actually find helpful...
giftedgiggsy11 said:
Download 'All-In-One' toolbox, it will allow you to disable startup processes, some advice you might actually find helpful...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks!
giftedgiggsy11 said:
Download 'All-In-One' toolbox, it will allow you to disable startup processes, some advice you might actually find helpful...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Indeed great toolbox.
Sent from SCH-I535 (CM10 0920) via XDA Premium
ivan1real said:
Don't use bad apps. And learn how the system works.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So what if they run in the background? ram is there to be used.
DramatikBeats said:
So what if they run in the background? ram is there to be used.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its not using Ram. Its using CPU and power and monitoring what i do on my phone.
Cashed processes use RAM.
Have you got anymore detail about the app TuneIn Radio?
I've had this installed for a number of weeks now and was unaware or background processes being run.
What type of processes are these and what do they do?
I've had a quick look at the permissions the app has and the following is all I can find:
System Tools - automatically start at boot
Why would it need to start at boot?
I love tune in radio i bought the app it's great i use toolbox to block it off when i am not using it.. FB i couldn't care less for lol..
irzero said:
Its not using Ram. Its using CPU and power and monitoring what i do on my phone.
Cashed processes use RAM.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really? Any process that is running uses RAM. Please understand how a system works before looking for a reason to fix something that may not be broken.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using XDA Premium HD app
Padraic73 said:
Really? Any process that is running uses RAM. Please understand how a system works before looking for a reason to fix something that may not be broken.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using XDA Premium HD app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i know it uses ram. It also uses CPU and battery too if its a live process. I meant that it wasnt cached in ram and harmless.
Please dont talk to me like im stupid i have been building computer systems for over 10 years.
irzero said:
i know it uses ram. It also uses CPU and battery too if its a live process. I meant that it wasnt cashed in ram and harmless.
Dont talk to me like im stupid i have been building computer systems for over 10 years.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lol. How do you know its a live process. I have Facebook installed and the only thing its doing is running as a service to provide push notifications. I have system panel pro running and Facebooks average CPU consumption is actually under 1%. Can't say the same for tune-in radio
Facebook uses a service for notifications and the messenger i guess, about tunein, don't know. But that's how android works, if you want an app that pushes notifications which are not directly covered within the system itself, you need a service, otherwise there would run the whole app all of the time which needs even more resources (btw, that's how ios handles it).
Simple solution, use the already told or just freeze the app with titanium or disable notifications if possible.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2
Tectas said:
Facebook uses a service for notifications and the messenger i guess, about tunein, don't know. But that's how android works, if you want an app that pushes notifications which are not directly covered within the system itself, you need a service, otherwise there would run the whole app all of the time which needs even more resources (btw, that's how ios handles it).
Simple solution, use the already told or just freeze the app with titanium or disable notifications if possible.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have uninstalled Facebook anyway i found 3 active processes and even one in the System processes! Its basically just malware that app.
Now Tunein is becoming a hassle. even with the startup blocked it keeps booting up!
irzero said:
i have uninstalled Facebook anyway i found 3 active processes and even one in the System processes! Its basically just malware that app.
Now Tunein is becoming a hassle. even with the startup blocked it keeps booting up!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
LOL
About Facebook, there is a app called sns if I'm not wrong, delete or freeze it with titanium, is just a Facebook interface.
Tunein, check if there isn't an additional service, sometimes there are bad apps where the service starts the app and the app starts the service.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2
Tectas said:
About Facebook, there is a app called sns if I'm not wrong, delete or freeze it with titanium, is just a Facebook interface.
Tunein, check if there isn't an additional service, sometimes there are bad apps where the service starts the app and the app starts the service.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have uninstalled them now because i am unhappy in the way they run on my system. anything that behaves this way is obviously trying very hard to stay active on my system for a reason.
I guess they are data mining for the adverts that support the app. Not on my phone they dont.
irzero said:
i know it uses ram. It also uses CPU and battery too if its a live process. I meant that it wasnt cashed in ram and harmless.
Please dont talk to me like im stupid i have been building computer systems for over 10 years.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
We can only form our opinion on that from the content of your posts.
"It doesn't use RAM." is what you said, which you now deny.
You don't know the difference between cash and cache.
You don't know how to use capital letters or apostrophes.
Not looking good so far
Sent from my GT-N7000 using Tapatalk 2
irzero said:
i know it uses ram. It also uses CPU and battery too if its a live process. I meant that it wasnt cashed in ram and harmless.
Please dont talk to me like im stupid i have been building computer systems for over 10 years.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just because you build computers doesn't mean you understand how they intertwine with the software. Especially since most computers have Windows installed on them. The RAM and caching process is much different compared to Linux, which Android is based off of. Thank you, have a nice day!
irzero said:
i have uninstalled them now because i am unhappy in the way they run on my system. anything that behaves this way is obviously trying very hard to stay active on my system for a reason.
I guess they are data mining for the adverts that support the app. Not on my phone they dont.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Android uses a strict permission policy, you can view every permission an app has before you download it and no app can gather data without given permissions.
I don't know and to be honest i don't care which permissions those 2 apps have, because i don't use them, but i guess at least tunein radio has no access to private data.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 2

this application is draining all my battery and i can't close it

Hi, after 1 month with my Star N9589 draining the battery very fast without to know why, i finally noticed that my cpu usage is constantly on 30% also when all the applications are closed and the phone is in standby, i noticed with some task manager that there is an application with PID 25 and in the info there is uid: pmic_thread_kth, this keep my cpu constantly on 30% and also if i don't know what is, trying to kill it nothing happens, i tried with some task manager but nothing to do, can some one help me?
Use greenify
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
akshay.mehta9 said:
Use greenify
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi, thx a lot for your reply, i tried but seems that greenify can detect just the apps that i have installed, not system apps, my cpu is ate from a system app, a couple of task manager like cpu monitor, Elixir2 and Notron utilities detect that this pmic_thread_kth with PID: 25 is constantly is constantly using the cpu for 30% but none of them can kill it, when i try nothing happens, and i think that it's not a problem in the rom, because i tried to flash other roms too, android 4.1.2 or android 4.2.1 and there is still this system process that is eating the cpu, i don't really know what is possible to do
sondzark said:
Hi, thx a lot for your reply, i tried but seems that greenify can detect just the apps that i have installed, not system apps, my cpu is ate from a system app, a couple of task manager like cpu monitor, Elixir2 and Notron utilities detect that this pmic_thread_kth with PID: 25 is constantly is constantly using the cpu for 30% but none of them can kill it, when i try nothing happens, and i think that it's not a problem in the rom, because i tried to flash other roms too, android 4.1.2 or android 4.2.1 and there is still this system process that is eating the cpu, i don't really know what is possible to do
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Install rom toolbox go to app manager select the app and choose advanced freeze then disable useless services(only services)
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
akshay.mehta9 said:
Install rom toolbox go to app manager select the app and choose advanced freeze then disable useless services(only services)
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not even Rom toolbox find it, i'm hitting the wall with my head, see at the attached pictures, there are 2 different cpu monitor showing that process that is constantly now 25% cpu and never stop, but both fails if i try to kill, maybe it's something in the kernel? is there any possibility to block it?
thx again for your help!
If it's kernel related so it's cannot be block
And in every android device some background services is needed to run in background
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
akshay.mehta9 said:
If it's kernel related so it's cannot be block
And in every android device some background services is needed to run in background
Sent from my LG Optimus 4X-HD using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
probably it's kernel related, i will try to ask where i bought it, i guess that some background process are needed, but i think is a bit strange that a process get constantly 24 hours on 24 the cpu at 25% usage, doesn't matter if standby or not, thx for your help
Try installing diferrent ROM (If there are any custom ROMs for your device).
korn36 said:
Try installing diferrent ROM (If there are any custom ROMs for your device).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Already tried a lot of different roms, i think it's something in the kernel
I have the same problem with ZTE V987. Process uses all the time about 30% of the CPU and the CPU never goes into deep sleep,works with the highest clock speed.
How solve this problem?
Thanks!
sondzark said:
Already tried a lot of different roms, i think it's something in the kernel
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you use stock rom? If you don't , you can flash stock rom and stock / custom stable kernel
I tried stock rom, Bruno, MIUI, and on each the same, does not go into deep sleep even for a second. Also I changed kernel. Still process "pmic_thread_kth" drains battery. What can help to solve?
Wikens said:
I tried stock rom, Bruno, MIUI, and on each the same, does not go into deep sleep even for a second. Also I changed kernel. Still process "pmic_thread_kth" drains battery. What can help to solve?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Somehow if you get its package name, enter this command in terminal emulator/ADB Shell to freeze it out.
Code:
$ su
# pm disable [COLOR="Red"]package_name[/COLOR]
Replace red part with package name.
HOWEVER IF IT IS IMPORTANT KERNEL/SYSTEM APP, THEN DOING ABOVE WILL DAMAGE SOFTWARE AND YOU WILL NEED TO FLASH STOCK ROM!!!
pmic_thread_kth
hnkotnis said:
Somehow if you get its package name, enter this command in terminal emulator/ADB Shell to freeze it out.
Code:
$ su
# pm disable [COLOR="Red"]package_name[/COLOR]
Replace red part with package name.
HOWEVER IF IT IS IMPORTANT KERNEL/SYSTEM APP, THEN DOING ABOVE WILL DAMAGE SOFTWARE AND YOU WILL NEED TO FLASH STOCK ROM!!!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have exactly the same problem with this process. My phone Lenovo A516 is not going into deep sleep even for a second (tried without SIM, lock SIM, unlock SIM 2G - 3G ...). Using Android 4.2.2 - and I have tried stock ROM (from 08/2013), Alegro ROM and latest Lenovo ROM ROW_S122_140402 (again: No user apps and also all possible tools to solve this issue.
Command to disable/kill this proces doesn't help, because this process is restarted automatically(Tried many times). Any solution?

Categories

Resources