I went to the Stock ICS ROM, but the radio performance was too bad for me, so after trying to deal with it, but unable to, I am trying to go back to Stock Gingerbread.
I am S-on, unlocked bootloader, and rooted. I have downloaded stock RUU, PH85IMG_Ruby_TMOUS_1.43.531.3_Radio_1.08.550L.19DC_30.66.550L.08D_release_228638_signed.zip, and was getting 'main version older' error. I fixed that manually, All in one .bat did not work. Now I get hboot Version is older. What do I do now? I had to lock the bootloader, so the PH85IMG file would be recognized.
Just trying to get back to stock, then maybe I will try a GB custom ROM, Energy or something.
Wow, no help at all. I guess this Amaze forum has gone down.
I was able to get back to a stock rom, but just the rom went back to stock. I still can't get a RUU to load, which is what I need because I want the GB stock radio back.
So frustrating. I'm ready to let the Amaze go, and maybe Android all together.
There is a new leak out with some minor updates from the first leak.
But I don't think you can downgrade your radio.img without s-off.
Don't quote me on this...
Yeah, the radio is the same in the new update.
I think I'm done with The Amaze, and probably HTC for a while. I don't know what to replace it with though, maybe a Galaxy SII or Galaxy Nexus. I don't know...
you definitely have to s-off first i believe to go back to GB. i heard the HTC one s/x is really good. co worker has one and im jealous. but if sense 4.0 comes for the amaze then dont need to get the one s. lol but yea......i believe you have to be s-off first before going to GB
I think you'll need to get s-off to flash the radio. If you don't want to keep s-off, you can definitely go back to s-on after flashing. There should be a simple command to re-s-on your device floating around somewhere in these forums.
I tried to s-off before, but couldn't get it. I spent hours, but had no success.
Yeah the only way to get back to gingerbread after going to ICS is to s-off you can't flash the gingerbread RUU if s-on it gives a older software error
Sent from my HTC_Amaze_4G using XDA
Related
I need to return a rezound to stock. I purchased it @ retail but have since gotten one via craigs list for nearly half price.
I was running an ICS rom.
First attempts with using RUU in windows resulted in ruu not seeing the phone via USB. The phone was locked @ the time and in fastboot usb mode.
I have tried many of the threads doing things like setting mainversion low etc.. still wont detect the phone . Tried pulling the zip and doing it from hboot but it says hboot mainversion is older.
Im sort of lost and on my last day here. I am currently on cleanrom so it looks kinda like stock, I realize it will still says relocked but i dont want anything else out of place if possible...
Flash the newest ICS CleanRom, Scott has it in his rom to get you back to mainver 1.00.000.00. This will allow you to pull the zip and do it from hboot. But make sure you using the right RUU. If you have hboot 2.11 you have to run RUU 2.01.xxx.xx.
Ok flashed to the latest, now as far as the ruu zip.. im in linux so i cant just grab them from the windows temp folder i have been dl them..
if using the downloads from scotts do i need to do both the smaller 3.xmb one and the larger472.xmb one? do this after re-locking correct?
UPDATE SOLVED
This issue was the ruu file there was the older one once i searched out the new one by name and found it all is well.
Thanks for the clear concise answer EmerikL
So, coming from a Thunderbolt...rooting and getting s-off on a rezound seems like rocket science in comparison. I've read and read for the past four weeks but I'm asking for your guys' help and clarification before I proceed.
Here is what has happened so far: My buddies Rezound is currently HTC dev unlocked with a custom ICS rom on it with S-on. I want to get him s-off so flashing roms and kernels will be a piece of cake without adding a bunch more steps. I figured out how to do it and understand the process myself pretty clearly but trying to explain it to my buddy...yeah, I might as well be trying to teach him another language.
Now, I assume he is on Gingerbread firmware since I haven't flashed the leaked ICS RUU(have to install gingerbread firmware patch on his ICS roms). This already is getting complex to me. On my good old thunderbolt I just had to use revolutionary to get s-off then it was flash whatever I wanted, gingerbread or froyo and flash compatible radios.
Here's what I want to do. I figure I should get him off of gingerbread firmware since the phone will eventually be getting ICS via OTA. To do this, I believe I have to re-lock the phone and then flash the ICS ruu. After that I can proceed to get s-off using the wire trick.
My questions are these: do I have to flash a stock rom before I re-lock the phone and flash the ICS ruu, or can I just leave his current rom on there(rezrom)?
And finally, what ICS version am I supposed to flash in order to get s-off? I see conflicting reports of this will work, any one will work, or only a certain one will work with the s-off method. Could one of you be kind enough to send me a link to download said RUU? I tried downloading one but it would check it in HBOOT and after the 5 minutes it took to check it, it didn't give me the option of running it...just went to the main hboot menu(fastboot, recovery, reboot, etc.). I don't know if it's because I was UNLOCKED (i realize you can't flash ruu while unlocked), or if the file was bad.
Sorry for the long wordy post but I felt like I should be thorough. Thanks in advance.
antiseen said:
So, coming from a Thunderbolt...rooting and getting s-off on a rezound seems like rocket science in comparison. I've read and read for the past four weeks but I'm asking for your guys' help and clarification before I proceed.
Here is what has happened so far: My buddies Rezound is currently HTC dev unlocked with a custom ICS rom on it with S-on. I want to get him s-off so flashing roms and kernels will be a piece of cake without adding a bunch more steps. I figured out how to do it and understand the process myself pretty clearly but trying to explain it to my buddy...yeah, I might as well be trying to teach him another language.
Now, I assume he is on Gingerbread firmware since I haven't flashed the leaked ICS RUU(have to install gingerbread firmware patch on his ICS roms). This already is getting complex to me. On my good old thunderbolt I just had to use revolutionary to get s-off then it was flash whatever I wanted, gingerbread or froyo and flash compatible radios.
Here's what I want to do. I figure I should get him off of gingerbread firmware since the phone will eventually be getting ICS via OTA. To do this, I believe I have to re-lock the phone and then flash the ICS ruu. After that I can proceed to get s-off using the wire trick.
My questions are these: do I have to flash a stock rom before I re-lock the phone and flash the ICS ruu, or can I just leave his current rom on there(rezrom)?
And finally, what ICS version am I supposed to flash in order to get s-off? I see conflicting reports of this will work, any one will work, or only a certain one will work with the s-off method. Could one of you be kind enough to send me a link to download said RUU? I tried downloading one but it would check it in HBOOT and after the 5 minutes it took to check it, it didn't give me the option of running it...just went to the main hboot menu(fastboot, recovery, reboot, etc.). I don't know if it's because I was UNLOCKED (i realize you can't flash ruu while unlocked), or if the file was bad.
Sorry for the long wordy post but I felt like I should be thorough. Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just s-off on GB. You can do it on ICS or GB works the same way. Just if you RUU to ICS you will have to reunlock to soff.
Once s-off he can flash any ruu he wants in any order and keep s-off.
Also on a secondary note, you must have not had a thunderbolt when we first got s-off as getting s-off manually took about 30+ mins of constant cmd line use.
S-off on the rezound is much easier than it sounds. The only part that gives people trouble is the wire trick and mainly because it is all about timing.
Sent from my ADR6425LVW using XDA
I will say this outright: you can S-off right now using the GB package option on unlimited.io since that is the firmware you have. Answering the rest of this assuming an upgrade to ICS firmware, but that is the simplest path.
antiseen said:
Now, I assume he is on Gingerbread firmware since I haven't flashed the leaked ICS RUU(have to install gingerbread firmware patch on his ICS roms).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Correct. If you're patching the firmware is still Gingerbread. Check in the bootloader for "hboot 2.11" to confirm this. Only way you can update firmware and radios while S-on is to run a RUU.
antiseen said:
Here's what I want to do. I figure I should get him off of gingerbread firmware since the phone will eventually be getting ICS via OTA. To do this, I believe I have to re-lock the phone and then flash the ICS ruu. After that I can proceed to get s-off using the wire trick.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
When a phone gets an OTA update, it is expecting you to be on the latest official release. That currently is the 2.01.605.11 Gingerbread build, the first OTA we had. That means you need to be on the GB firmware, and stock everything else, not on ICS firmware.
That said, last part is correct: You would re-lock, flash an ICS RUU, unlock again, put recovery back on, and either flash a pre rooted stock ROM based on the leaks, or root the stock ROM yourself. Then you are on ICS firmware, ready for S-off.
antiseen said:
My questions are these: do I have to flash a stock rom before I re-lock the phone and flash the ICS ruu, or can I just leave his current rom on there(rezrom)?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Leave the ROM. Do a nandroid backup. Re-lock and flash the RUU. You can restore the nandroid afterwards, just be sure to repatch the thing to new ICS firmware if you go that route. Check second listing in the Roll Up Sticky post in the Dev section.
antiseen said:
And finally, what ICS version am I supposed to flash in order to get s-off? I see conflicting reports of this will work, any one will work, or only a certain one will work with the s-off method. Could one of you be kind enough to send me a link to download said RUU? I tried downloading one but it would check it in HBOOT and after the 5 minutes it took to check it, it didn't give me the option of running it...just went to the main hboot menu(fastboot, recovery, reboot, etc.). I don't know if it's because I was UNLOCKED (i realize you can't flash ruu while unlocked), or if the file was bad.
Sorry for the long wordy post but I felt like I should be thorough. Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unlimited.io has files for GB firmware and the first three out of four ICS leaks. Note this last leak, the fourth one, is compatible with the unlimited.io files for the third leak ("5/7 leak"). So little was changed, so you're safe going with that combo if you wish.
nosympathy said:
Also on a secondary note, you must have not had a thunderbolt when we first got s-off as getting s-off manually took about 30+ mins of constant cmd line use.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You're actually right. I didn't get my TB til June and I spent months reading how to get s-off and finally did it in...august or september, I forget. It was MUCH easier by then.
I was familiar with the original process(only by reading, but felt confident in doing it that way) but by the time I was done learning everything about it, revolutionary method came out and I did it that way.
I know that I can get s-off right now on his gingerbread firmware, my only question is what happens when ICS does get released and all the good ROMS start to come out? I want to get him on an AOSP rom when they come out. I feel like he'll be stuck on gingerbread firmware and when it comes time to flash any of the ICS roms, he'll be clueless. I could figure out how to do it if it required an extra step or two but explaining that to him might be a bit much. I'd rather him be geared for ICS (he has no intention of going back to gingerbread, ever).
Also, I was under the impression that flashing a RUU would make it S-on. So if I ever wanted to upgrade his firmware to ICS we would have to do the wire trick again to achieve s-off once more.
Anyway, Thanks a ton guys for your feedback already. Love this community and you're both a great help. Thanks for the clarification/instructions phantasm.
antiseen said:
I feel like he'll be stuck on gingerbread firmware and when it comes time to flash any of the ICS roms, he'll be clueless. I could figure out how to do it if it required an extra step or two but explaining that to him might be a bit much. I'd rather him be geared for ICS (he has no intention of going back to gingerbread, ever).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hop through S-off with the GB files from unlimited.io. Keep the stock bootloader for now rather than flashing the JuopunutBear hboot when their program asks you. (Note S-off makes the bootloader "Locked" again, but the JB files are hacked so you can use them *as if* they are Unlocked status... handy and makes it simpler to get the phone ready for warranty exchanges again. But! We want to make sure we get ICS firmware and radios first...then slap on an *ICS* JB bootloader...)
antiseen said:
Also, I was under the impression that flashing a RUU would make it S-on. So if I ever wanted to upgrade his firmware to ICS we would have to do the wire trick again to achieve s-off once more.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope. Once you achieve S-off you keep S-off. The only thing that affects S-off is turning the flag back on manually yourself with some fastboot commands.
So now you will be S-off and with a Locked stock bootloader. Download the RUU from the 6/10 leak here, rename to just PH98IMG.zip and flash it in bootloader:
http://www.androidfilehost.com/main/-Support_Files-/RUU/Vigor/RUU_Vigor_3.14.605.10_PH98IMG.zip
Then grab "[ICS][2.25][JB][5-7]PH98IMG.zip" from SuperChilPil's repository. (Note the 6/10 leak and the 5/7 leak have the same bootloaders just like the first pair of leaks did, so this is fine to use.) Rename to PH98IMG.zip and flash in bootloader:
http://www.androidfilehost.com/main/-Support_Files-/SuperChilPil/
This will make you S-off with a JuopunutBear hacked hboot, running the latest firmware and ROM available. Choose a recovery to flash, preferably TWRP or AmonRa. ClockworkMod has charging issues, there is a fix floating around thanks to NilsP and his own source if you insist. You can then proceed to flash the ICS custom ROM of your choice.
TWRP:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1613576
AmonRa:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1339679
CWM (fixed):
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1722989
Edit: User zhp pilot claims this version of CWM is also not functioning properly at this time, see the thread. Proceed with caution on CWM.
And don't forget to make a splash screen now that you are S-off lol, stop blinding yourself with that white HTC screen:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1615811
~~~
Other useful files for S-off if you don't have them on the PC... The latest HTC drivers (extracted from HTC Sync so you don't have to download all of that) and an adb/fastboot mini console:
https://rapidshare.com/files/1796700693/HTCDriver_3.0.0.021.exe
http://rapidlibrary.com/files/adb-fastboot-and-other-tools-zip_ulcmnmxxtci89on.html
antiseen said:
Anyway, Thanks a ton guys for your feedback already. Love this community and you're both a great help. Thanks for the clarification/instructions phantasm.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope, thanks you for asking.
antiseen said:
So, coming from a Thunderbolt...rooting and getting s-off on a rezound seems like rocket science in comparison. I've read and read for the past four weeks but I'm asking for your guys' help and clarification before I proceed.
Here is what has happened so far: My buddies Rezound is currently HTC dev unlocked with a custom ICS rom on it with S-on. I want to get him s-off so flashing roms and kernels will be a piece of cake without adding a bunch more steps. I figured out how to do it and understand the process myself pretty clearly but trying to explain it to my buddy...yeah, I might as well be trying to teach him another language.
Now, I assume he is on Gingerbread firmware since I haven't flashed the leaked ICS RUU(have to install gingerbread firmware patch on his ICS roms). This already is getting complex to me. On my good old thunderbolt I just had to use revolutionary to get s-off then it was flash whatever I wanted, gingerbread or froyo and flash compatible radios.
Here's what I want to do. I figure I should get him off of gingerbread firmware since the phone will eventually be getting ICS via OTA. To do this, I believe I have to re-lock the phone and then flash the ICS ruu. After that I can proceed to get s-off using the wire trick.
My questions are these: do I have to flash a stock rom before I re-lock the phone and flash the ICS ruu, or can I just leave his current rom on there(rezrom)?
And finally, what ICS version am I supposed to flash in order to get s-off? I see conflicting reports of this will work, any one will work, or only a certain one will work with the s-off method. Could one of you be kind enough to send me a link to download said RUU? I tried downloading one but it would check it in HBOOT and after the 5 minutes it took to check it, it didn't give me the option of running it...just went to the main hboot menu(fastboot, recovery, reboot, etc.). I don't know if it's because I was UNLOCKED (i realize you can't flash ruu while unlocked), or if the file was bad.
Sorry for the long wordy post but I felt like I should be thorough. Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In order to S-off the Rezound, you need to be HTCDEVunlocked, Rooted and on Stock Rom.
so my wife got a replacement evo being hers had a few. issues. came with 1.50 hboot. i did the downgrade method to 1.40 phone constantly reboots or bootloops at times. i figured well maybe was a firmware issue. so when sprints firmware leaked. i updated it all even bootloader. its now 1.58 hboot. shows locked but s-off. i still have 4ext recovery installed on it. i have tried to flash the stock rooted rom. the phone boots after sits idle for a litle while it will go into boot loops. im at my wits end here. thinking it maybe hardware now. want others opinions. before i flash stock non rooted and bring it in for service. any thought?
You could try to unroot and go back to stock to see if the bootloops stop.
Man i love FrootLoops.. oops.. crap, i read the title wrong..
ON a serious note, do what coal686 said, go back to factory stock and start from scratch. Take out as many of the variables as possible.
so how do you suggest i do that? there is no ruu for the new ota update. im on newhboot. so im lost as to how to attempt to relock to stock for service.
so i ran the pg86img for 2.17 everything down graded fine. then rat the ota update to ics. updated to ics 2.89 fine. weird thing is it still shows s-off. only thing so far sense has froze on her twice. but the reboots have stopped. waiting a day to make sure. then ill unlock if i need to.then stock rooted for her.
kaos420 said:
so i ran the pg86img for 2.17 everything down graded fine. then rat the ota update to ics. updated to ics 2.89 fine. weird thing is it still shows s-off. only thing so far sense has froze on her twice. but the reboots have stopped. waiting a day to make sure. then ill unlock if i need to.then stock rooted for her.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You don't need to unlock as s-off is better.
S-off > Locked with Tapatalk 2
kaos420 said:
so my wife got a replacement evo being hers had a few. issues. came with 1.50 hboot. i did the downgrade method to 1.40 phone constantly reboots or bootloops at times. i figured well maybe was a firmware issue. so when sprints firmware leaked. i updated it all even bootloader. its now 1.58 hboot. shows locked but s-off. i still have 4ext recovery installed on it. i have tried to flash the stock rooted rom. the phone boots after sits idle for a litle while it will go into boot loops. im at my wits end here. thinking it maybe hardware now. want others opinions. before i flash stock non rooted and bring it in for service. any thought?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm in the same boat the only difference is my wife's phone is completey stock no root & s-on latest ics update hboot 1.58 u know the rest. Started bootlooping out of nowhere & I don't know what to do,did a factory reset through bootloader & still bootloops like crazy! Any ideas would be helpful & thank you in advance!
Hey guys, I'm sure this has been beaten to the ground so far, but if you see the subject line, that's where I am at. I am currently rooted, running CM10, but I am trying to update to the latest Radios and HBoot(doesn't matter to me if S-ON or OFF at this point since I'm already at 1.15 after getting a replacement phone, I'm just flashing the boot.img through adb) so that I can get everything up to date. My area recently just got LTE and I was hoping to update to the newest radios to get some better LTE service.
If you guys could point me in the right direction, a thread that was created or anything, that would be very helpful.
Thank you very much in advance!
You will need to either flash back to stock and take the OTA, or run the most recent RUU. Both those options will take you back to stock sense, but you'll get the new radios (and hboot 1.19).
muffinhunter said:
You will need to either flash back to stock and take the OTA, or run the most recent RUU. Both those options will take you back to stock sense, but you'll get the new radios (and hboot 1.19).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can I flash to any Sense ROM or just any Rooted Stock Rom? That is where my confusion lies.
A few months ago I, posted a thread with a similar idea in mind however, the only answer I got was (I'm paraphrasing) "Why go back to stock,the custom ROMS are much better anyways". Well the time has come where I figure out the "why?". Yesterday I brought the phone into Wind for a check of why it's not sending MMS messages when the data is on (strangely enough it turns data on while sending the mms but, that's a story for another time). The people at Wind refused to look at my phone and told me to come back when it has stock firmware. (because, obviously I haven't returned to stock yet). Now from what I understand, from doing some research today on the forums, that the HTC Amaze (Wind Variant) has some weird software issues upon flashing a T-Mobile based ROM which I can link back to Speed Rom. So, I do the standard "Relock the bootloader and run the RUU.exe" and it just comes up with an error saying my hboot is the wrong version. The forums are pretty blank on ways to get around this (well besides going S-OFF which is a problem considering I need to bring my phone in to get the MMS issue checked. Also, I don't have that level of confidence in myself to insure I don't destroy my phone when going s-off). So, I was wondering if anyone has a fix for the issue. I'm confident that someone could possibly help me with my issue. (PS my current ROM is the latest Cyanogenmod 10 nightly, and I'm using 4ext recovery on the Amaze/Ruby).
Hope, I can get this issue resolved and thank you for helping me out with what ever problems I've had on my journey with this phone.
P.S: I didn't mean to double post the same question it's just I really needed this problem solved. I hope you can forgive me. (I fully understand if I can't return to stock under these circumstances.)
It's funny, I'm kind of in the same boat, except for 2 "minor" differences:
1) The "Smart Flash" on 4EXT never worked for me (and has consistently corrupted my internal SD card, but been able to fix it each time), so I have S-ON yet
2) I've rooted the phone itself and unlocked the bootloader, but the HBOOT is 1.93.0002, and from what I've seen, the latest firmware patch is .2222 although that really shouldn't matter
This is my 2nd HTC Amaze, and the first time I've gone through the rooting and that, took me at most an hour to complete, including time spent choosing a CMOD (I ended up with 7). This time around...I'm practically pulling my hair out because I cannot perform the S-OFF via Linux (LiveCD of course) nor starting from "square 1". I seem to be in limbo with 4EXT.
I installed Viper Amaze 1.7.2, but continually got stuck on the boot screen. Further investigation revealed that I needed to superCID the phone, which in turn would be to S-OFF first.
Additionally, I've downloaded and flashed the "stock ICS" ROM (since that was my stock ROM to begin with, naturally upgraded ICS), renamed to PH85IMG.zip yadda yadda. It recognizes and loads, but never "updates", more or less does anything after the loading bar on the bootloader.
So, just to try how much I've dug myself in with this, I've downloaded and tried 2 other ROMS, both saying "bad" (no status 7 error like the RUU flash).
I want to try out the Viper Amaze ROM since so much work and effort went into it, and it seriously looks awesome, but because my original tool that I used (HTC Super Tool) didn't require me all of these extra steps (and I didn't remember the program until now), I want to return back to stock so I can start over in a sense and complete those couple of steps that I inadvertently missed. I really feel like I'm missing something stupid.
Out of 7 Android phones that I've completed the custom ROM setup, it has to be this phone...
Anyways, tl;dr here's what I got:
Bootloader:
**Unlocked**
Ruby PVT SHIP S-ON RL
HBOOT 1.93.0002
eMMC-boot
Starting ROM: Wind Mobile ICS 4.0.3 Stock ROM
End ROM: Viper Amaze 1.7.2
Where I'm At: 4EXT, Status 7 error upon stock ROM flash. No other custom ROM works. PH85IMG.zip doesn't seem to do much upon loading via bootloader.
darkandshadow said:
Bootloader:
**Unlocked**
Ruby PVT SHIP S-ON RL
HBOOT 1.93.0002
eMMC-boot
Starting ROM: Wind Mobile ICS 4.0.3 Stock ROM
End ROM: Viper Amaze 1.7.2
Where I'm At: 4EXT, Status 7 error upon stock ROM flash. No other custom ROM works. PH85IMG.zip doesn't seem to do much upon loading via bootloader.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I actually have the same HBOOT version as you! I have never met a device which had more difficulties going back to stock than the Wind variant of the Amaze. Anyway best of luck on your issue, and just try to remember me if you find a way back to stock. I guess we are on the same boat and the Wind isn't helping us out *Budum Tssss* . (BTW if you manage to make it back to stock I suggest you use hasoon2000's toolkit for the Amaze. It's a good toolkit for the Amaze.)
Megapead said:
I actually have the same HBOOT version as you! I have never met a device which had more difficulties going back to stock than the Wind variant of the Amaze. Anyway best of luck on your issue, and just try to remember me if you find a way back to stock. I guess we are on the same boat and the Wind isn't helping us out *Budum Tssss* . (BTW if you manage to make it back to stock I suggest you use hasoon2000's toolkit for the Amaze. It's a good toolkit for the Amaze.)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I managed to install the Viper Amaze. I went back, relocked the bootloader, got a new
ID token unlock key, and reflashed (the hell out of) everything. It actually worked.
As for the Wind Rom push back, try the EXE found here on XDA:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/HTC_Amaze_4G/ROMs
darkandshadow said:
I managed to install the Viper Amaze. I went back, relocked the bootloader, got a new
ID token unlock key, and reflashed (the hell out of) everything. It actually worked.
As for the Wind Rom push back, try the EXE found here on XDA:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/HTC_Amaze_4G/ROMs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried, that EXE seems to only be for update from Gingerbread purposes or, was broke after I flashed a T-Mobile ROM on the device.