Dear Community,
Please read the following before starting on reading on.After lots of requests I decided its time to provide every oncoming developer with a short guide on how to start developing for our beloved Mimmi (most stuff applies also for Robyn or other Android devices).
I'd also like to get a few words passed on what actually in most cases developing is, so let's start with the basics:
There is different ways of developing there is people like Cyanogen Mod which provide you with a bunch of changes to the original Android source code which enables new features, adds hardware support or make things easier for specific device developers. However these people at Cyanogen are often not fully recognized so please make sure to thank these people as well. Besides that there are ports of similiar devices which will not be explained in this tutorial but also these developers usually put a lot of effort into their roms however since the source is already compiled changes are usually of a cosmetic nature. In this tutorial however you will find the basics on how to compile kernel or android from source in order to build your own changes into your own rom, which btw would have never been possible without the developers porting xrecovery or cwm to our devices so please give these people a big thumbs up as well after reading on.
What do I need/Environment set up
Most people have issues on setting up a the heart of your Developer Carreer, the Environment. What I strongly advise is to have at least a bit knowledge of the main usuage of Linux Distributions and also programming languages. Without these you will most likely fail at one stage or another to make a successful build.
So lets evaluate what you need :
Linux Distro (i.e. any Ubuntu should do well)
a VM or native Linux
quite a bit of Linux skills and programing skills
Time and a high tolerance of frustration
Sufficent RAM (at least 4 GB, more is advised otherwise use native Linux)
If you know how to install a native Linux Distribution you can probably skip this part, I will explain how to use a VM to fill the basic needs and keep your development area seperated from you most likely otherwise needed productive platform.
The following Steps are just keywords, if you want to develop you will need to inform yourself how to achieve all this yourself, there's lots of tutorials out there.
Step 1: Download a VM and a Linux Distro
Step 2: Install VM Software (i.e. VirtualBox or VMWare Server)
Step 3: Install the Linux Distro in VM (you'll need at least 6 GB Swap and 50 GB or More HD space to have enough room for experiments/seperate syncs/etc...)
Step 4: Figure out if you installed 32 Bit or 64 Bit (you'll need this later)
Step 5: Boot your new VM based Linux Distro
Step 6: Set up a Share Mount between your host and your VM
Step 7: download the Android Source/Cyanogen Source of your desire (i.e. : repo http://**** -b gingerbread) into a folder for you desire (the folder should represent your ROM's/Kernel name)
Building a Kernel
Building a Kernel is one of the easier parts considering the full source code is available for download. Sony Erricson Open Source Dev Website is providing fully funtional Kernel sources usually in the tar.gz format. Download the source code and extract it, or if you use a git based repository clone or checkout the project into a folder of your desire.
The next step, is not mandatory but advised to sync the entire Android repo/CyanogenRepo as the repo also provides the Cross Compiler toolchain which is needed to compile for your device.
Once everything is finished downloading you should check the following path in the Android repo : platform/linux-x86(orx64)/prebuilt/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/ this is the cross compiler we will use to build the kernel itself, its vital to have the compiler present, the version number maybe different though.
Lets start with the building process itself:
Code:
cd kernelfolder
cp arch/arm/configs/semc_mimmi_defconfig .config (the command maybe change to copy another default config file, it creates a file in the root of the kernel folder called ".config"
ARCH=arm make menuconfig (this will bring up the kernel configuration menu for arm devices)
In the Menu Config you can change/add features to the Kernel once you are done safe the kernel config. Now your Kernel is ready to be compiled:
Code:
ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/pathtoandroid_source/platform/linux-x86(x64)/prebuilt/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi- make -j4
This will start a compile with 4 Jobs using the Architecture ARM and the Cross Compiler arm-eabi from the Android Source Repo. Once finished you'll find your Image in your kernel folder under arch/arm/boot/Image. Now you'll need to build your own ramdisk this is covered here at xda as well azuzu has also build a tool available to download.
Follow the instructions to create the kernel.sin which now can be flashed with Flashtool. Changes to Kernel source will now be available to your compiled Kernel. How to change the Kernel source is beyond this tutorial but programmers in C will have fun there.
Building Android from Source
Now lets get started with the more advanced part and the most frustrating part in the beginning. The easiest way to build for the mimmi would be to sync the Cyanogen Gingerbread source code. Which can be checked out using the repo binary (see tutorials on googles website also which packages for which architecture (x86 or x64) are addionally needed also the correct java version is important)
Now lets cut to the chase.
Code:
repo sync -u http://github.com/CyanogenMod/... -b gingerbread (or froyo or another branch you would like to check out)
once your repo is synced (you could also add "-j8" to enhance the speed of the repo command, it will take quite a while) you are almost ready to start. If you synced an AOSP source you will have the get your device and hardware libraries ready first. This means you will have to port i.e. the device project and hardware project (mimmi and msm7227-common folders from CM and also hardware folder from CM) to the AOSP source. It makes sense to port these to your AOSP source since they are the most complete so far. For Camera libraries you can sync from doixanhs repo the libcamera-5mp.
Now lets get a short overview over the Android source, it contains of various folders:
frameworks
device
vendor
hardware
platform
external
These are the most interesting, frameworks folder holds a bunch of android libraries and files which provide the functionality however often you will need to change a few things here and there since the mimmi is unique in its hardware. Everything you change will need to be approved with the following command:
Code:
make update-api
This will add all the functions, variables or anything else to the current-api.xml and ensure its available at build time.
The device folder holds device specific files, build-configs and so on. Lets look at some of the important files:
Code:
device/semc/mimmi/overlay/frameworks/base/res/res/values/config.xml/power.xml
The two xmls hold configurations of the build process which are device specific either LightSensorWarmupTime and so on the full list is in the root folder of frameworks/base/res/res/values/config.xml <-- any part you feel you need to change copy the lines from there and change in you device specific config.xml.
Now to another file:
Code:
device/semc/msm7227-common/BoardConfig.mk
This files olds the device sepecific configurations for the ARM, WLAN, etc.
Look at all the files in mimmi and msm7227-common and figure out what they do, google of course will guide you on that.
Also take a look in the:
Code:
vendor/cyanogen/products/
folder and find the mimmi config and get familiar with this as well. Nobody will be able to help unless you face specific issues. Developing is learning by doing and a lot of self teaching and the will to understand all of this yourself. We can't teach but you can learn. Specific questions however are usually proudly answered by most devs if they have already figured it out.
Lets start building now, first you'll need to get your lunch command to know which devices have makefiles (I always do it to be sure)
Code:
source build/envsetup.sh
This will now add all the known devices to your lunchcombo (the devices are usually definied in the vendorsetup.sh pointing to the makefiles)
Code:
lunch
Will get you the list of available devices and will wait for user input to select the device you want to build, choose the mimmi.
Code:
make -j4
This will start the building process with 4 jobs.
Now its time to get a coffee. Usually you will have a bunch of different issues on this part but the CM source is pretty good and you might be lucky there.
Now lets look at typicial errors:
Code:
symbol not found : means a variable in used in the code has not been defined, before its use this one is a tricky one
try to locate the source file and find the line the compiler is complaining about. Now check in the framework usually in
res/res/values or layout look for the type of the erros (String or array) and look in the corresponding xml if the variable
is present. Now look in vendor/cyanogen/overlay if your variable is also declared there and so on.
Code:
function not found/function of incompatible types : also a tricky one, you might sync a repo and made local changes to
a file and suddenly your functions another file calls are not present or have changed, find the differences between them and
think about how it has changed, maybe add the function again or maybe another function does the job now. you will need
to locate the changes compare them and you should be fine again
Code:
No Rule to make target: this one is usually due to a missing/incomplete Makefile you might need to add manually or
if you don't need it anyway the easiest would be to delete the not building folder
Once your source has finished compiling you will find you system image in:
Code:
out/products/mimmi/system/
As of now unfortunately its still missing a few files here and there. Compare ROMs and Compare what might needs to be added. However I advise not switch libraries around its best to use your own libraries. However sometimes you will face issues when doing this so start with the files created there and just add the recovery and ramdisk to your rom. Now observe via adb if everything is running. This will take time and add one missing lib after another one and reboot, after each (like grallocs or librils or fm libs and so). This is basically a debugging part of the job.
You will now add one by one more functionality, but keep in mind to use logcat to see what goes wrong, maybe some stuff can be changed in the source rather then randomly adding stuff.
also this one just in case.
Hey there c: As always, you come surprising everyone with your stuff haha Good job on this one, I think it is always good to have some tutorials from the people who build specifically for our Mimmi's
Before reading this, I wanted to get started on developing and I went to Android's official developers site, I did some steps, now I have the complete source of Android here (I use Ubuntu 10.04, the LTS version... Dunno if telling you that it is LTS ver. really matters, but just in case) andthe whole environment ready to build. Now, reading at this, I realize I don't have 4Gb of RAM on this "old" (2007..) notebook. Anyways, the thing is: I followed the steps listed here, but when I wrote this command-
Code:
$ make -j4
-the terminal started to execute files, or something... I'll add a screenshot at the end about this. It has been 3 days since that, and the terminal is still doing the same. I know developing requires a lot of patience, but... 3 days? Is this normal?? I have looked through the Internet for problems with this command, but no one seems to have talked about it.
Thanks for your time, work and effort for the community, we really appreciate it c: Bye!
Link to the Screenshot:
http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh313/link_4ever/Screenshot.png
The 'make -j4' uses 4 threads to compile everything, if your notebook does not have at least an hyperthreading-technology enabled CPU, well, that's to expect when building an entire OS, plus you don't have sufficient RAM, I do have 2GB and a DualCore CPU and it takes at least 1 hour to compile an average desktop kernel with that same command. I have not tried to compile android, but I think that it will take at least 4 hours to compile everything. Just my thought.
RozenTensai said:
The 'make -j4' uses 4 threads to compile everything, if your notebook does not have at least an hyperthreading-technology enabled CPU, well, that's to expect when building an entire OS, plus you don't have sufficient RAM, I do have 2GB and a DualCore CPU and it takes at least 1 hour to compile an average desktop kernel with that same command. I have not tried to compile android, but I think that it will take at least 4 hours to compile everything. Just my thought.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you for your answer! Just ten minutes ago, the 'make' command finished ! And about my notebook, it is just like yours: 2Gb RAM and Dual-Core CPU, I'm not sure but I think it runs at 2,8 GHz. And also, like I said earlier, I know developing takes time. I know how slow processes can be, in fact, there were commands previously that took 1 hour or more to finish their tasks. 1 hour, 4 hours, it's ok but... 3 days? Isn't it a bit too much xd?? Now I'm afraid to turn off the computer because I don't want to compile that thing again hahaha
the "-j" option depends on the number of (virtual) cores you have.
get the number:
Code:
grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
if you have native linux and like to work on the machine I recommend do lower the number at least -1 otherwise get a coffee and keep hands off the build process
b
make -j4, lol. Many people do not have. 4 cores on the processor
paul-xxx said:
make -j4, lol. Many people do not have. 4 cores on the processor
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This parameter refers to threads instead of hardware cores
Sp4rrow said:
This parameter refers to threads instead of hardware cores
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ok. probably a mistake. but still. I always use 2. it brought to me the best results
I use j6
And also j refers to jobs everybody may change to what they want. For kernel i build with j12.
If you know better like it seems you always do write it down.
Sent from my U20i using xda premium
I can't find any 2.1.1.A.0.6 Sources. Link to the sources you use slade?
http://developer.sonyericsson.com/cws/devworld/search-downloads/opensource?cc=gb&lc=en
should be:
x10_x10mini_X10minipro_x8_eclair_2.1.A.0.435.tar.gz
Stock Kernel with only CWM5 installed...
Slade i want some help from you. how can i embed CWM5 in the stock kernel without any other changes to it??
i want a stock kernel with nothing changed in it only CWM5 installed in it. how this can be done???
i forgot to say the most important thing!: Thank you very much for your work and effort Slade
I just came to the configuration menu of the kernel. i see there are options predefined for the mimmi, but how can i optimize it more, there are soooo many options, and to tell the truth i don't have a clue what they do
I want to compile several pentesting tools such as nmap, aircrack-ng, openVAS, tcpdump, etc, etc on my phone using the gnu gcc compiler i got from g.play.
I also need to compile python, ruby, lua, and perl on my phone.
I want to do this so that it is all linked with the ROM. The chroot env of linux is too small, maybe if I had a tablet.
Eventually I want to release a pentesting ROM based off of Cyanogenmod but I need these tooles to be natively linked with the ROM and not need to chroot. I have found a work around for size limit of systemfs so it is not a worry as long as there is at least 4 gigs internal storage for other stuff.
Any help getting me going in the right direction would be awesome, thanks.
I have a Linux distro running side by side with Android fairely well, with the exception of a handfull of services in /etc/init.d such as postgresql and nfs-common.
I have compiled ruby1.9.3 on my phone, and postgresql, ruby worked great, postgres still has the usuall permission denied failure, cant open listening socket. I think its a filesystem permissions issue, ie that postgres can't write to a directory or folder, perhaps tcp and unix sockets have a seperate governing feature that needs tweaking to aknowledge postgres's right to open a port or socket, not sure but feel like I've got narrowed down.
I say all that to show that Linux can be run in Android's / and they get along alright, Android is just really picky and paranoid about who does what where whithin its guts.
I know that in-order to set up a build on a pc you have to use qemu wih arm support to cross-compile (I think), so if I could set up a nfs client o my phone that would mount my source-code, I think it would be possible to do the compiling on my phone. I bet performance of said zip would be better to say the least.
But, I also think some package used to build on pc would not be needed since its arm for arm on droid itself. So what kind of tweaking would need to be done so the build wouldn't complain about missing qemu or actually cross-compile with it thus negating the purpose and wasting resources.
Any advice or has anyone done this before?
hi there
im trying to compile AOSP systemimage for android 7.1.2 r4 and i seem to have worked the first compilation errors due to flex being out of date and not maintained in the repo.
But now jack is destroying my memory. i read that nougat could be compiled with 4gb ram and im sure you can but how.
some of the things i have done....
export jack arguments
export java heap options
made a huge swapfile
using ccache
the build gets to 40% before the memory starts hemhoraging. I persistantly perform the jack tricks and hit make again but it will only go 20 more compilation counters before stopping again and theres no way i can keep that up.
short of buying and replacing the ddr ram in my laptop is there any thing else i can do?
I was able to finally figure out how to use mma and i am currently building the system.img one apk x library x binutil at a time. I also changed my device mk so it could make sparse images and made snod after compiling system/extra/ext4_utils. Its really time consuming and resetting jack rarely works but restarting the pc seems to get it farther. Of course this is only a problem when compiliing apks. My phone doesnt seem to have the same problem compiling apks when i can get the ide to do it. I have been trying to compile apks on android studio for a year and cant get past the java lang class not found error. I have it pointed to the right place and ive followed every forum fix i can find but no go
Can someone help me with adding a tunable extra partition. well maybe not tunable but static. i want to be able to mount and unmount a second partition on an sd card that could vary in size.
i have tried doing this with my fstab.cv1 in m6 boot.img but no go. i get boot loop or stuck on logo screen. Even messing around with init.rc screwed me up