i dont know where the problem is, but since today, i cant reboot anymore without flashing a kernel.
if i shutdown the SXS, the hardwarebutton does not work (for reboot) - also the print reboot in a Shell does not reboot the device, or the rebooter from rom toolbox, also with fastboot reboot through fastboot does not work
if i flash a kernel or a recovery, then it works... with recovery, the reboot option works proper, but not with kernels (try stock kernel and the Advanced kernels with recovery, ICS2 and ICS4)
the Powerbutton shut work, the Hard reset works, also shutdown command from device.. but... not reboot
lg
noob.fl
It's like something with the root permission( superuser) did you update the binary??
or the mod that you are using.
Sent from my LT26i using Tapatalk 2
oi... im doing so much with the device.. ill try no with refomat everything, even Sdcard and reflash the Generic Firmware... at first look, it seams to be work (i hope, o damn, i hope..)
if got so an idea that it could be together with the Swappartition and Swapper 2 got allot problems with it... so i try... and hope
works again, try now with ics4.elf kernel
works - im lucky again... so up to the next great delete, customicing, tweaking quest till death :laugh::laugh::laugh: (cant let it play with this little thing - just should change my googlepasswort... it sucks to enter it after every near Hardbricking my device
Related
hi guys, I accidentally posted this in general, but here it is in SGS2 forum.. I really need someone's help.
I nearly had a heart attack think I bricked the phone.... long story short
I froze TouchWiz in Titanium Backup thinking it would just use vanilla, but it's just a black screen. I couldn't find a way to get to market/settings so I a flashed it on Odin to Ke4 again but it looks like it just flashes and doesn't wipe the settings.
Anyways - So im stuck at a black screen, I have the status bar up top, i can swipe it down but thats it.
How would I;
'format'/flash the firmware so its completely new ...? I just need an applauncher or a way to get to settings?
or How can I make my way to settings?
my preferred option is the format a clean whole new one
if anyone can help me because I got to get this sorted asap before work lol
Just need it to work.
Thank you so much anyone that can help.
There are probably better ways but you can try to install a home replacement via the web market. This should push it to your phone and after installing pressing home should give you the option to select another launcher.
Do you know any methods at all? I'm willing to try any, I just cant find anything that shows how to completely wipe and start new..
I downloaded Go Launch and chose to have it launch to my Phone but it didn't work from the phones end.. the phone has no wifi/3g connection.. it has the no connection icon so probably won't it wont push.
Thanks for the suggestion though, I would have never thought of that.
Looks like you may need the download recovery jig tool.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=819551
jje
I'm a bit confused about the jig option
I would have thought I could have flashed/restored it to stock
I am able to actually load the phone, I can swipe down and enable usb debugging mode, I just literally have no way to get to market & settings if possible...
=S
Yeh sorry jigs are running short you dont kneed one if you can access download mode .
jje
Yeah, thats a relief.
What would my options, What can I do to get my phone working again..given the above..
Okay!
So I loaded Villains Rom 1.0 and everything works again, thank god.
My question now is, can I upgrade/flash now to KE4 with this one?
thanhson87 said:
Okay!
So I loaded Villains Rom 1.0 and everything works again, thank god.
My question now is, can I upgrade/flash now to KE4 with this one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you just flash the KE7 as PDA it should be no problem to upgrade....
cool, thanks mate,
I'm just lost for words now...
When I put on villain rom, was happy to backup all my msgs asap and etc to gmail which I did, that's the most important thing so i'm glad.
So then I wanted to defrost some apps I had frozen ... so I installed titanium again .. as soon as I did that the same problem came again, black screened. I reboot and it's now stuck at the 'S' loading animation.. it wont start into the applauncher... I actually reloaded the rom but still same problem.
- i can actually do a screen capture at the animation screen....so im guesing everything else is ok
I just want this to work one more time so I can do a factory settings wipe and hopefully all this sorted..
anyone able to help, i'm so sorry for asking so many times.
thanhson87 said:
cool, thanks mate,
I'm just lost for words now...
When I put on villain rom, was happy to backup all my msgs asap and etc to gmail which I did, that's the most important thing so i'm glad.
So then I wanted to defrost some apps I had frozen ... so I installed titanium again .. as soon as I did that the same problem came again, black screened. I reboot and it's now stuck at the 'S' loading animation.. it wont start into the applauncher... I actually reloaded the rom but still same problem.
- i can actually do a screen capture at the animation screen....so im guesing everything else is ok
I just want this to work one more time so I can do a factory settings wipe and hopefully all this sorted..
anyone able to help, i'm so sorry for asking so many times.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK. What you need to do is...
1) Reboot into recovery image (volume UP, home, power) and wipe /data. You're gonna lose everything stored, but I'm sure we can get over that
2) See if it now boots (it should). If not, reboot into recovery again and wipe /data, then turn off
3) Put phone into bootloader, and get the ROM you want to ODIN. You can use VR1 if you want to just flash systemfs (safer). Flash it as PDA, then it should boot.
Failing that, you can recover it "my way". Flash Chainfire's insecured kernel (from the root thread), then get it to start booting. keep running "adb shell" (you do have adb set up?), and once it works run "rm -r /data", then type "reboot". That will wipe /data, and hopefully let it boot.
Don't panic too much btw, it shouldn't be too serious.
So, when you install the Alpha CyanogenMod 7 build, chances are ClockworkMod Recovery will fail. This tends to be because the custom overclocked kernels in WebOS take up a lot of room in the /boot partition, and ACMEInstaller does NOT (And maybe cannot) resize this partition. If you want to use ClockworkMod, you need to boot it via novacom.
1. Unzip the update-cwm_tenderloin-1012.zip file into the same directory as Novacom.
2. Make sure your TouchPad is plugged into your computer, and reboot it while holding volume up. You should see a USB icon.
3. In the command line, browse to the directory Novacom is installed in.
4. Type this into the command line prompt:
Code:
novacom boot mem:// < uImage.ClockworkMod
You should now be able to flash gapps or whatever else you need to install (Except moboot, which you need to use ACMEInstaller to install)
Novacom is probably installed in: "C:\Program Files\Palm, Inc" for most users.
To get there in the command line, type:
Code:
C:
cd "C:\Program Files\Palm, Inc\"
Then you can continue on to step 4.
Thanks for this info , it worked great. So am I to assume if I remove overclock Kernel thenI wont have this problem and will be able to install CWM through ACme with no problems ?
Edit. Tried to uninstall F15C to no avail.
27scoob said:
Thanks for this info , it worked great. So am I to assume if I remove overclock Kernel thenI wont have this problem and will be able to install CWM through ACme with no problems ?
Edit. Tried to uninstall F15C to no avail.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't know, but I kinda suspect not, because I brought my touchpad back to stock and *completely* wiped my touchpad before installing CM7, and I had problems with installing CWM through ACME. I don't understand the inner workings, but that seems like it may answer your question?
OP: Thanks!!!
Reckon I will be tied to a cord when it comes to CWM ....
The oc kernels get written to the main boot partition... I'm unsure which, but one of the oc kernel's can consume too much space, not leaving enough room to flash cwm... try booting into webos and removing your oc kernels... and try again... you don't have to flash the entire thing... you can just flash the cwm with the acme installer...
thanks!
I am in the CWM-based Recovery v5.0.2.6 but nothing works, not even the reboot option... any option i select does nothing.
any ideas?
Hold home and power, go back to USB download, start ACME install process from step one. If you follow instructions exactly, it should all work. There are occasions where you need to do the same thing twice... but your patience will pay off.
Yeah I tried to remove the F15C overclock kernel and do just that with the installer . No dice , can't remove the OC kernel go to remove it and reboot to replace and it just reboots into F15C then in Preware go to put the stock kernel on goes through shows install asks for restart and just boots F15C back again .. I have also tried to just flash the CWM zip afew times throught the installer and get the error half way through about there not being enough available space..ugh..
Try installing one of the smaller oc kernels through preware? If not, crack out the webOS doctor..
WebOS Doctor
Tried several times, but the recovery boot did not respond, i see the menu options, backup/restore, reboot, install from ZIP, etc... but when I select the options they didnt do anything...
After several tries I decided, let me start all over so I installed webos doctor. Unfortunately I cannot share the link here..
Unfortunately after I ran it and finally clicked DONE, my touchpad wont boot, has a battery icon with a question mark inside. (The battery level should be at least 25% before you run WebOS Doctor). I left it charging for at least an hour but still on the same status, so I assume it got bricked when running the webos doctor. If the battery just went bad at the same time it would be a big coincidence.
There is a chat support which seems to be pretty good. DO NOT TELL THEM that you were trying to install Android, I assume you all know that lol..
portal dot webos dot com (Sorry, couldnt share the link here)
If battery doesnt work in an hour or 2, then I may have to send it back to repair...
My CVM recovery works.
When I did the install yesterday I put the cm install,cvm,mboot and market all in the cminstall folder everything installed except the cvm, went back into webos and put it back in the cminstall folder and ran the ACMEInstaller again and it was there this time.
Used the CVM to install the google market update this morning.
I had Webos O/C also
I installed mboot, cm7, and cwm with acmeinstaller and my CWM works just fine. Flashed gapps with it no problem....seems like a strange problem for you and misleading if you ask me
I had a similar issue getting clockwork to flash. The problem is that some custom kernels take up too much space in the boot partition and doesnt leave enough room for cwm. Changing your webos kernel should fix the problem.
Sent from my Android powered Tenderloin
crump84 said:
I had a similar issue getting clockwork to flash. The problem is that some custom kernels take up too much space in the boot partition and doesnt leave enough room for cwm. Changing your webos kernel should fix the problem.
Sent from my Android powered Tenderloin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That actually makes perfect sense to me...i probably never had an issue due to the fact i didnt mess with my webos kernel.
+1 for you sir
Stroid01 said:
I installed mboot, cm7, and cwm with acmeinstaller and my CWM works just fine. Flashed gapps with it no problem....seems like a strange problem for you and misleading if you ask me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nothing strage or misleading the OC kernel is the culprit.. Just cause it orks fine on one device does not mean different things will happen on others ...Thats how things work and how this thread got started...
---------- Post added at 02:00 PM ---------- Previous post was at 01:56 PM ----------
crump84 said:
I had a similar issue getting clockwork to flash. The problem is that some custom kernels take up too much space in the boot partition and doesnt leave enough room for cwm. Changing your webos kernel should fix the problem.
Sent from my Android powered Tenderloin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah I thought the smae thing but I can not remove the F15C kernel.. I go through preware and uninstall , reboot , F15C boots up and then go back into preware and install stock kernel and then reboot and F15C still boots up. I have not tried to start from scratch with the Web DR. ... just trying to see if there are any other avenues try first..It's been fun trying to figure some out though lol...
27scoob said:
Nothing strage or misleading the OC kernel is the culprit.. Just cause it orks fine on one device does not mean different things will happen on others ...Thats how things work and how this thread got started...
---------- Post added at 02:00 PM ---------- Previous post was at 01:56 PM ----------
Yeah I thought the smae thing but I can not remove the F15C kernel.. I go through preware and uninstall , reboot , F15C boots up and then go back into preware and install stock kernel and then reboot and F15C still boots up. I have not tried to start from scratch with the Web DR. ... just trying to see if there are any other avenues try first..It's been fun trying to figure some out though lol...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you can't switch kernels you may have to use the doctor. Thats actually what I did before I found out about the kernel size. I didnt really care as I dont plan on using WebOS.
Sent from my PG06100 using Tapatalk
I have restored the palm kernel.
But ACMEInstaller doesn't resize partition a second time !
Is there a way to force the installation ?
The boot partition cannot be resized, at least not by ACME. That is the problem. In my opinion, pushing Clockwork Recovery via USB is preferable to uninstalling an OC'd kernel. You should rarely need to use Clockwork Recovery, and in fact, most things you would normally install using it would, in the case of the Touchpad, not work.
: (
I know this is kinda old but im new to this, But im having this problem, I just installed CM9 and it boots nd everything, But no gapps, I went to go flash them and clockwork mod disappeared. So i stumbled on to this, When it goes to flash threw novacom It blinks the linus penguins and white words then gos backinto the boot loader with no Clockwork Recovery. I tried twice, What do i do?
Just trying to install Android on the TP for the first time... I seem to also be having this problem. Is there an update to this problem? Any new fixes? Or is everyone just dealing with either getting rid of an overclocked kernel or being tethered to a PC to get into CWM?
Hi Y'all Thanks in advance for useful advice.
Yesterday I attempted to root my Xperia Ray with this method:
androidflip.com/unlock-xperia-phones-bootloader-without-losing-drm-data-track-id-working/
Unfortunately I ended up with just the sony ericsson boot screen coming up then going off and coming up again and so on. I think I've just about cleared the phone of everything.
any help mucho appreciated.
Have you tried using SEUS (Sony Ericsson update service) to flash the original firmware back on it?
Sent from my ST18i using xda premium
You could start with trying to just reflash the firmware with flashtool.
- How to use flashtool: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=928343
- Firmware: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1316070
Btw, If you only want to root (you were trying to unlock the bootloader), use this after the firmware is restored: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1320350
Thank you i'll try this later...
3.Install Recovery, Busybox, custom kernels
4.Clean your Rom (remove /system/apps apps of your choice) (Be careful, unless you really know what you do, do not modify the default list. This can make your phone stuck at the SE Logo)
I didn't do 3. but I've cetrtainly done 4.. I do not have anything installed so there's nothing to "catch" any new ROM's.
Is my line of reasoning correct? If so surely there must be some way around this and one of you stars must know.
Regards
jobibear said:
3.Install Recovery, Busybox, custom kernels
4.Clean your Rom (remove /system/apps apps of your choice) (Be careful, unless you really know what you do, do not modify the default list. This can make your phone stuck at the SE Logo)
I didn't do 3. but I've cetrtainly done 4.. I do not have anything installed so there's nothing to "catch" any new ROM's.
Is my line of reasoning correct? If so surely there must be some way around this and one of you stars must know.
Regards
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What guide are you using??
use this tool http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1351324
put this http://www.multiupload.com/EWD3BVQN7V in C:\Flashtool\firmwares
and flash it using Flashmode uncheck wipe user data (if is not working reflash with wipe user data, but all your data wil be lost) when the program ask you connect your phone in fastboot mode (hold Volume- and plug in your cable) the flash will start.
to root your phone use flash tool click on the root icon the one near the thunder (with unknown sources and Debug USB turned on.) and enoy your rooted working phone
androidflip.com/unlock-xperia-phones-bootloader-without-losing-drm-data-track-id-working/
The method above...
optik19918 said:
use this tool http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1351324
put this http://www.multiupload.com/EWD3BVQN7V in C:\Flashtool\firmwares
and flash it using Flashmode uncheck wipe user data (if is not working reflash with wipe user data, but all your data wil be lost) when the program ask you connect your phone in fastboot mode (hold Volume- and plug in your cable) the flash will start.
to root your phone use flash tool click on the root icon the one near the thunder (with unknown sources and Debug USB turned on.) and enoy your rooted working phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really clear instructions and downloads. Thanks, but it says:
INFO - Device connected with USB debugging off
INFO - For 2011 devices line, make sure you are not in MTP Mode
INFO - Device deconnected
As the phone turns on and off again in repetition.
Where next?
Regards & love
this thing happens when u try to root the phone or when u have flashed the new firmware?
if is after u flashed is because you unfortunately you must wipe user data
It happened after I rooted the phonem and trying to flash software.
I am not concerned about user data, though thanks for your concern.
What am I doing wrong and how do I fix it?
Love x
optik19918 said:
use this tool http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1351324
put this http://www.multiupload.com/EWD3BVQN7V in C:\Flashtool\firmwares
and flash it using Flashmode uncheck wipe user data (if is not working reflash with wipe user data, but all your data wil be lost) when the program ask you connect your phone in fastboot mode (hold Volume- and plug in your cable) the flash will start.
to root your phone use flash tool click on the root icon the one near the thunder (with unknown sources and Debug USB turned on.) and enoy your rooted working phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You absolute star... The deal was to hold down the volumn button (Doh!!!). I kept holding the back button. Thank you sooooo much....
I have got the best ROM [being cheeky]? What do you recommend?
Love xxx
PS That flashtool is pretty damn cool....
is a pleasure oh and my recommendation keep stock rom or try some other stock based room, and do not install cyanogenmod is to buggy crashes and unexpected errors, i'm a bit disappointed about the cyanogen team this time usualy their work is better even than sony it self. the others for the moment sucks lets hope that the next releases of cyanogen release will be better
Thanks again.
Got it! Thanks for your help...
I agree
optik19918 said:
is a pleasure oh and my recommendation keep stock rom or try some other stock based room, and do not install cyanogenmod is to buggy crashes and unexpected errors, i'm a bit disappointed about the cyanogen team this time usualy their work is better even than sony it self. the others for the moment sucks lets hope that the next releases of cyanogen release will be better
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's one of the reasons why I felt limited when it comes to customizing the Ray.
I honestly wouldn't go for MIUI either because it's more Apple than Android.
With the release of ICS imminent, cyanogen will be focusing on making their version of it. I wonder what will happen to current cyanogen release. Will it be ever completed?
So basically i got the ICS Encryption unsuccessful error and now my phone wont get past the vibrant splash screen. I tried odining back to stock but it just goes to splash screen and then turns off. i cant get into recovery mode. please please pleaseeee help!
jig or get to download mode
odin EUGENE373_SamsungS_Froyo_PDA (read directions)
then flash back to stock then try not too "brick" the unbrickable vibrant again.
this does not fix the problem. the /data partition is the cause of the problem and i dont know how to fix it. repartitioning in odin doesn't fix it either. :/
I had the same thing happen to me.. ive tried everything i could think of
enter download mode
dvryu said:
enter download mode
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
and then what? anything i flash gets me bootloader screen. eugene's unbrickable rom gets me to stock recovery but buttons dont work in that rom to let me select anything.
Unfortunetly there is no fix as of now. The problem seems to be the internal flash memory 16gb is unable to mount. SD card (External) mounts perfectly fine as i was able to pull some files using adb commands. Hope you have a spare phone cuz there is no way to fix your phone as of today.
A warning to ICS rom users. You phone could potentially become paperweight so be extremely careful. You might want to consider using Gingerbread or some other rom other than ICS until someone finds a solution to this problem.
---------- Post added at 04:35 PM ---------- Previous post was at 04:33 PM ----------
Nirmalspeed said:
and then what? anything i flash gets me bootloader screen. eugene's unbrickable rom gets me to stock recovery but buttons dont work in that rom to let me select anything.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The buttons in recovery don't work after flashing Eugene's rom.
You can only reboot your phone through the adb command:
adb reboot
Of course you must also have the android debugging bridge installed on your computer to issue these commands. Including the SDK. Good luck.
i have two other vibrants in my family right now. what do you think i could do with those to fix mine?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1447303
OP, what ROM were you running when this happened intially? Also what kernel?
I have been reading most of the morning and am looking into some things. Alex's thread does show how to workaround the problem but it seems that the internal sd is lost (for now).
Since you are not the only one this happened to, I would like to know the above and see if it correlates to the others that this happened to in the Vibrant section. I'll post the same in their threads too.
Woodrube said:
OP, what ROM were you running when this happened intially? Also what kernel?
I have been reading most of the morning and am looking into some things. Alex's thread does show how to workaround the problem but it seems that the internal sd is lost (for now).
Since you are not the only one this happened to, I would like to know the above and see if it correlates to the others that this happened to in the Vibrant section. I'll post the same in their threads too.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i was running ICS Passion 13 with the Kiss kernel that came with it. and i've looked around and many people with ics have gotten this problem both on our device and on the AT&T's captivate.
If you loaded Eugene's rom, and are stuck at the recovery, don't wait so long to type that adb reboot command and don't unplug the usb just type the command. let the rom load then get the phone back in download mode and flash the stock rom.
Eugene's rom properly set up will fix your issue. try again!
cotbu said:
If you loaded Eugene's rom, and are stuck at the recovery, don't wait so long to type that adb reboot command and don't unplug the usb just type the command. let the rom load then get the phone back in download mode and flash the stock rom.
Eugene's rom properly set up will fix your issue. try again!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
that wouldn't work as the /data partition isn't being red by the phone. Nothing happens when i try that command.
These are the instructions, Eugene's rom write like a lowlevel format, either you are not following directions or you actually bricked the vibrant.
But....you say you've made it to Eugene's recovery if you did you should be good to go.
Okay, Now with the Caution Posted, Lets Begin with the Froyo that Don't Brick
I have Tested this 5 Time's to Make Sure! Only install What I Post!
First,
You must already Have Odin installed & Know how to boot into Down-loader Mode!!
Do Not Select Repartition In ODIN Flasher
Quote:
Installing...
Extract the .zip file
Open ODIN Flasher, Select the Pit File.
Select Eugene373_GalaxyS_Froyo_PDA.tar
Select start..
Second,
Once Odin had Done Flashed, & you are in Recovery Mode you will not be able to Access anything & need to be at a Computer with Samsung Driver's installed & a working SDK pre-installed..
Side note: you will get an error in recovery, Don't be worried!!!! Ignore this!
Third,
Open a CMD Prompt & type:
Quote:
adb reboot
Froyo with Downgrading back to Stock Possible:
Download here > EUGENE373_SamsungS_Froyo_PDA.zip
*Stock Froyo with*
~ Root
~ SuperUser.apk
~ Build.prop now Correct
~ Defualt.prop Also Correct
****
*Issue's
Volume Key are Reversed
****
*Not working*
~ Rom Manager via reboot to Recovery!
~ Selectable Menu in Recovery
~ 3.5 Head-jack
~ Hot Spot Tethering
sorry for stressing but, I have a 4yr old that loves playing with the vibrant and I think I've brought it back from every brick situation possible. As long as the vibrant has power, it will not stop! xd!
Wel.. Just for me to mention my ordered Elephone 9000 just arrived yesterday.! yey <3
Now... now... just the hype though...
lets jump to the point.. i would like to root my phone !
I dont care about banking apps and android pay and such..
Sooo... in conclusion i want too root my phone like the offical way. SuperSU style.
So i've tried flashing Costume Recovery for me to install supersu.zip, from the TUT from this forum and also tried the TUT at elephone forum.
Well.....~
Hmpff... i have a problem.. I tried to flash it trough SP tools.. all went 100% Great!.. the DONE Appeared.
But!
Afterward i'm trying to enter to recovery? and what i'm seeing? the original built in recovery.
like i've never flashed the Costume one!
Hmm.. what to do?
Ohh i have built 20160419 and i'm not willing to OTA it or change the rom. this baby will stay in that built.
and i dont want to format it.. i dont like loosing data.
Thanks in advance!
azsd979 said:
Wel.. Just for me to mention my ordered Elephone 9000 just arrived yesterday.! yey <3
Now... now... just the hype though...
lets jump to the point.. i would like to root my phone !
I dont care about banking apps and android pay and such..
Sooo... in conclusion i want too root my phone like the offical way. SuperSU style.
So i've tried flashing Costume Recovery for me to install supersu.zip, from the TUT from this forum and also tried the TUT at elephone forum.
Well.....~
Hmpff... i have a problem.. I tried to flash it trough SP tools.. all went 100% Great!.. the DONE Appeared.
But!
Afterward i'm trying to enter to recovery? and what i'm seeing? the original built in recovery.
like i've never flashed the Costume one!
Hmm.. what to do?
Ohh i have built 20160419 and i'm not willing to OTA it or change the rom. this baby will stay in that built.
and i dont want to format it.. i dont like loosing data.
Thanks in advance!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi sir! Just asking what is the key combination to access the recovery? I also tried to flash twrp via spft but, unfortunately, i cant go to recovery despite of any effort. I already tried the volume up + power combination, volume down + power conbination, but still, nothing happens.
Die you try vol up + Power, and Release power and still Hold volume, when it Turns on?
Gesendet von meinem Nexus 4 mit Tapatalk
Hi guys try to flash twrp v8 from this forum rename it first to recovery sometimes i must flash it 2 or 3 times before it work