[Q] "NO SIM" error when flashing back to stock AT&T - AT&T Samsung Galaxy Note I717

I flashed back to stock at&t ics and modem but the sim card still can't be read. I know the sim works because it works fine in my galaxy nexus.
I have tried flashing all 5 versions of the ICS AT&T modems on the stock rom and I tried flashing "[ROM][MOD] ICS IMM76D UCLF6 - Stock, Rooted, Deodexed + FJ-Mod 7/27/12 *UPDATED*"
But I still get the error of no sim.
In the settings I see the baseband I717UCLF6, Kernel version 3.0.8, Android version 4.0.3, IMEI is fine.
Mobile network type - unknown, service state - out of service, mobile network state - disconnected.
When I go to "Wireless and Networks" and click mobile networks, it says "insert sim card to access network services"
Please help with some ideas on what to do..

Remove the sim card ....wipe all areas of the device ....
Reflash the rom again ....and insert the card ...
You should get restored service ...
If not .....post here again for round 2.....g

gregsarg said:
Remove the sim card ....wipe all areas of the device ....
Reflash the rom again ....and insert the card ...
You should get restored service ...
If not .....post here again for round 2.....g
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
YES!! did this 3 times and it worked! :laugh::laugh::good::good:

cyi1 said:
YES!! did this 3 times and it worked! :laugh::laugh::good::good:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Awesome !!!
Good work , and welcome back to the network ....
Could you put the word "solved " in your thread title ??
It helps other users find the correct threads ,and keeps the forum clean.
Thanks !!.....g

Related

Sim card suddenly stopped working??

Hi,
Title says it all.. Flashed Illusion-xT Rom and was working for couple of days now, without any problems.. This morning I made a call, phone rebooted suddenly and it isn't asking my "pin-code" anymore.. I can search for networks, but it won't connect 2 it.. Status menu says this:
Network : unknow
Signal : -75dbm
Service : Out of service
Status : Disconnected
IMEI : is correct
Baseband : I9100XXKL1
Tried flashing another kernel (Void-echo, Illusion-xTreme,..)
Did full wipe, and flashed rom again.. Still the same problem..
Anybody has an idea how I can fix this?
thx!
Clean replace sim card first .
Fing about with kernels wont help .
Flash stock full firmware change modem might help .
jje
Have you tried it with another device yet? It could be the sim and not the phone. My mom has a flipout and her Sim stopped working. Changed the sim and it works fine now.
Sent from my GT-I9100
Sim card is working in my Xperia X10..
Flashing back 2 stock did the trick! thx!
Now flashing back to custom and hope the problem doesn't come back!

only one network give me No SIM error

after i flash HD Revilution ROM its gave me NO SIM Error and there what i do After that
- try another sim from another Network and its work
- my SIM work with other mibiles
- i changed my SIM From COmpany and same problems
- i tried another ROMs by odin with all files and by CWM recovery and same thing
- There are no problem with IMEI i didt lost it
i searched and do alot of thing nothing work
please help me
Do you have the correct CSC and modem for your network .
Have you actually entered the network APN settings etc .
jje
JJEgan said:
Do you have the correct CSC and modem for your network .
Have you actually entered the network APN settings etc .
jje
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yes and still same problem
any help please
iam still waiting
if only one network works properly - most likely your phone was not fully unlocked, and after flash it returned to SIM-locked status.
spamtrash said:
if only one network works properly - most likely your phone was not fully unlocked, and after flash it returned to SIM-locked status.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
its was working and its fully unlocked all SIM worked only one network sau no SIM
is there any help

Solved "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network"

Hello Everyone, I am using Samsung Ace s5830i and since yesterday I am not able to make any calls, when I try to call a number it says "Mobile Network not available" but I can see good signal strength and I am also able to use GPRS. In the notification area it says "Emergency calls only".
I went to Settings -> mobile networks, when I try to manually select my operator(TATA Docomo, i'm from India) i get the error "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network".
I have removed the sim card, inserted in another mobile, it works fine. When I try try to insert a sim card of some other operator into ace I get the same errors listed above.
These are the things that I have tried.
1. Removed the sim card, battery inserted them back and restarted the phone
2. Restored my Nandroid backup
3. Complete factory reset
None of these worked and still I get the same error.
Information regarding the phone:
Model- Samsung Galaxy Ace s5830i rooted with CWM 5.0.2.6
Android version - 2.3.6
Mobile network type - GPRS
Network- TATA Docomo
Signal Strength - -90dBm
Service state - Out of service
Mobile network state - Disconnected
IMEI - Unknown
I have called Network provider they say fault is with the phone.
Any help would be really appreciated...
Anil Kiran said:
Hello Everyone, I am using Samsung Ace s5830i and since yesterday I am not able to make any calls, when I try to call a number it says "Mobile Network not available" but I can see good signal strength and I am also able to use GPRS. In the notification area it says "Emergency calls only".
I went to Settings -> mobile networks, when I try to manually select my operator(TATA Docomo, i'm from India) i get the error "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network".
I have removed the sim card, inserted in another mobile, it works fine. When I try try to insert a sim card of some other operator into ace I get the same errors listed above.
These are the things that I have tried.
1. Removed the sim card, battery inserted them back and restarted the phone
2. Restored my Nandroid backup
3. Complete factory reset
None of these worked and still I get the same error.
Information regarding the phone:
Model- Samsung Galaxy Ace s5830i rooted with CWM 5.0.2.6
Android version - 2.3.6
Mobile network type - GPRS
Network- TATA Docomo
Signal Strength - -90dBm
Service state - Out of service
Mobile network state - Disconnected
IMEI - Unknown
I have called Network provider they say fault is with the phone.
Any help would be really appreciated...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you have lost your IMEI... u'll need to flash stock firmware via odin!
see this thread for procedure!
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1840645
Re: Help "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network"
Just for the knowledge, what may be the reason for losing imei and does flashing stock rom retrieve my imei.
Sent from my GT-S5830i using xda app-developers app
possible reasons are many...i don't know what files did you flash? (Rom/kernel/scripts)
Cronmod script is known to have this issue...did you flash this script?
Flashing stock rom with odin will give back your imei!
What's your ROM/kernel? and what scripts did u flash?
Re: Help "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network"
I am using stock rom. No i didn't flash cronmod script. I'm not sure but i think problems started after installing Online Nandroid backup tool maybe it has installed some scripts, i'm not blaming the tool it is fanastic app to make nandroid backups.
Let me flash custom rom, hope problem goes off.
Sent from my GT-S5830i using xda app-developers app
js2892 said:
you have lost your IMEI... u'll need to flash stock firmware via odin!
see this thread for procedure!
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1840645
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you so much, I have flashed stock firmware using odin, now everything is working on my phone.
Anil Kiran said:
I am using stock rom. No i didn't flash cronmod script. I'm not sure but i think problems started after installing Online Nandroid backup tool maybe it has installed some scripts, i'm not blaming the tool it is fanastic app to make nandroid backups.
Let me flash custom rom, hope problem goes off.
Sent from my GT-S5830i using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks for this info..it might help others too!
it's always good to keep a backup of IMEI.. Use galaxy toolbox app on Google Play!
IMEI still lost
js2892 said:
thanks for this info..it might help others too!
it's always good to keep a backup of IMEI.. Use galaxy toolbox app on Google Play!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hi, My IMEI is still lost and I cannot connect to the network is there another way of sorting this out
rasmutu said:
hi, My IMEI is still lost and I cannot connect to the network is there another way of sorting this out
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can solve your IMEI problem with the guide in this thread:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1968360
rasmutu said:
hi, My IMEI is still lost and I cannot connect to the network is there another way of sorting this out
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
flash stock kernel and everything will be okay..!!
imei problems occurs with me everytime i flash custom kernel..!
even if u are on stock kernel, flash stock kernel again..
give it a try !!
Flashing Stock Rom did not Work but the other method worked!
srt99 said:
flash stock kernel and everything will be okay..!!
imei problems occurs with me everytime i flash custom kernel..!
even if u are on stock kernel, flash stock kernel again..
give it a try !!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi I tried Flashing the stock Rom 3 times( I even Changed the Firmware to that of a Different Region) But nothing Worked.
So I used the fix IMEI GUIDE and Now I have my IMEI back, Thanks all the same
Anil Kiran said:
Hello Everyone, I am using Samsung Ace s5830i and since yesterday I am not able to make any calls, when I try to call a number it says "Mobile Network not available" but I can see good signal strength and I am also able to use GPRS. In the notification area it says "Emergency calls only".
I went to Settings -> mobile networks, when I try to manually select my operator(TATA Docomo, i'm from India) i get the error "Your SIM card does not allow a connection to this network".
I have removed the sim card, inserted in another mobile, it works fine. When I try try to insert a sim card of some other operator into ace I get the same errors listed above.
These are the things that I have tried.
1. Removed the sim card, battery inserted them back and restarted the phone
2. Restored my Nandroid backup
3. Complete factory reset
None of these worked and still I get the same error.
Information regarding the phone:
Model- Samsung Galaxy Ace s5830i rooted with CWM 5.0.2.6
Android version - 2.3.6
Mobile network type - GPRS
Network- TATA Docomo
Signal Strength - -90dBm
Service state - Out of service
Mobile network state - Disconnected
IMEI - Unknown
I have called Network provider they say fault is with the phone.
Any help would be really appreciated...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just flash everything back via Odin, settle !
leezhijiang said:
Just flash everything back via Odin, settle !
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Refer to post 6, i have already solved the problem. Anyway thanks for the reply
Network or sim card error
Please help me guys !!!! I have Samsung galaxy Ace 3.Sometimes it works everything fine but later while calling no hearing occurs and call ends automatically.While i tried to enter additional call settings it appears a box "Network or sim card error" and in notification bar its "Emergency calls only".I tried different sim cards but the result is same.Factory reset,Hard reset nothing worked for me.
Model number: GT-S7270 (not rooted)
Android version: 4.2.2
Mobile network type: EDGE:2
Signal strength : -83dBm 15asu
Not roaming
Mobile network state: disconnected
Please reply me soon!!!!
junkYardz said:
Please help me guys !!!! I have Samsung galaxy Ace 3.Sometimes it works everything fine but later while calling no hearing occurs and call ends automatically.While i tried to enter additional call settings it appears a box "Network or sim card error" and in notification bar its "Emergency calls only".I tried different sim cards but the result is same.Factory reset,Hard reset nothing worked for me.
Model number: GT-S7270 (not rooted)
Android version: 4.2.2
Mobile network type: EDGE:2
Signal strength : -83dBm 15asu
Not roaming
Mobile network state: disconnected
Please reply me soon!!!!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not a right place to get technical helps , in regards of your ACE 3 issues ( Galaxy Ace S5830i Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting)
Please make it @ proper section

Not registered on network, again

This thread is outdated and not related to the new problem with EFS coruption. Solutions proposed here wont help you if you lost your network after downgrading a ROM from MF6 to earlier.
Ok it's not the first thread about this but no one seems to have an answer. I'm trying again.
I flashed a custom ROM on a friend's phone i9300. After the flash the phone keep saying "Not registered on network". I tried everything I know.
I changed modem
I changed ROM (3X) (with full wipe)
I returned to stock
I installed GetRil (changed the baseband)
I installed Galaxsim (phone already unlock)
when I try to set the APN I get a message "registered on network" but when I do a phone call I got "Not registered on network"
Is there anyone who knows any way to solve this problem?
New sim? What all works?
Kremata said:
Ok it's not the first thread about this but no one seems to have an answer. I'm trying again.
I flashed a custom ROM on a friend's phone i9300. After the flash the phone keep saying "Not registered on network". I tried everything I know.
I changed modem
I changed ROM (3X) (with full wipe)
I returned to stock
I installed GetRil (changed the baseband)
I installed Galaxsim (phone already unlock)
when I try to set the APN I get a message "registered on network" but when I do a phone call I got "Not registered on network"
Is there anyone who knows any way to solve this problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
omg thanks for creating this thread, I had no time to do it I HAVE THE EXACT PROBLEM
I wanted to install Cyanogenmod android 4.2.2 BUT SINCE IM A NOOB NO ONE WARNED ME THAT I HAD TO DO A EFS BACKUP OR whatever is called, thing is my IMEI is ****ed up, and it does says Not registered on network with my Sim card on it, it's Brand new sim card i tested it on another Smartphone and it Works GOOD, I tried like crazy looking up on the internet so many ways to fix it but the only way apparently it's using a software called octopus and a hardware wich costs a bunch of $ therefore im sure there must be a way to save that money .
i did Factory reset, tried another stock rom 4.1.2
tried airplane mode turning on and off, tried looking for networks automatically, and nothing it just says not registered on network, please help, my imei IS not barred i also am against robbery here.
please help
... Please
b-eock said:
New sim? What all works?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
everything works fine on the phone except the call/ 3g. She came with her own Sim card but she left me the phone and I'm using my own Sim card and same result.
Now I see that the IMEI SV is 01, My phone Number is UNKNOWN( is it normal?)
Kremata said:
everything works fine on the phone except the call/ 3g. She came with her own Sim card but she left me the phone and I'm using my own Sim card and same result.
Now I see that the IMEI SV is 01, My phone Number is UNKNOWN( is it normal?)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yep at the end of mine says 01 aswell
Get a new sim from your carrier. Either your sim tray is broken or your sim card is. Sim card is cheap/free to replace so try that first.
b-eock said:
Get a new sim from your carrier. Either your sim tray is broken or your sim card is. Sim card is cheap/free to replace so try that first.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
nope that doesn't work the problema is in the Smartphone imei i think some kind of bug,
zomgiloveyou said:
omg thanks for creating this thread, I had no time to do it I HAVE THE EXACT PROBLEM
I wanted to install Cyanogenmod android 4.2.2 BUT SINCE IM A NOOB NO ONE WARNED ME THAT I HAD TO DO A EFS BACKUP OR whatever is called, thing is my IMEI is ****ed up, and it does says Not registered on network with my Sim card on it, it's Brand new sim card i tested it on another Smartphone and it Works GOOD, I tried like crazy looking up on the internet so many ways to fix it but the only way apparently it's using a software called octopus and a hardware wich costs a bunch of $ therefore im sure there must be a way to save that money .
i did Factory reset, tried another stock rom 4.1.2
tried airplane mode turning on and off, tried looking for networks automatically, and nothing it just says not registered on network, please help, my imei IS not barred i also am against robbery here.
please help
... Please
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Kremata said:
Ok it's not the first thread about this but no one seems to have an answer. I'm trying again.
I flashed a custom ROM on a friend's phone i9300. After the flash the phone keep saying "Not registered on network". I tried everything I know.
I changed modem
I changed ROM (3X) (with full wipe)
I returned to stock
I installed GetRil (changed the baseband)
I installed Galaxsim (phone already unlock)
when I try to set the APN I get a message "registered on network" but when I do a phone call I got "Not registered on network"
Is there anyone who knows any way to solve this problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sounds like (both of you) your EFS folder is corrupt - the only way i've read of repairing it is to have a back up. service center for repair is the only option AFAIK.
The IMEISV means nothing, don't even worry about it. Know what you're talking about before you blurt out crap.
b-eock said:
The IMEISV means nothing, don't even worry about it. Know what you're talking about before you blurt out crap.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
mwahahahah "blurt out crap" PMSL :laugh:
Hehe hehe... hehehehe... fk u..
Hehehehe!
“BUT SINCE IM A NOOB NO ONE WARNED ME THAT I HAD TO DO A EFS BACKUP“
No one should have to warn you! Do some reading first! Fk your imei!
b-eock said:
Get a new sim from your carrier. Either your sim tray is broken or your sim card is. Sim card is cheap/free to replace so try that first.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Like I said I've use my friend SIM and my SIM both makes no difference on the phone. Maybe it's the tray
Kremata said:
Like I said I've use my friend SIM and my SIM both makes no difference on the phone. Maybe it's the tray
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Usual suspects .
Sim you tried another .
Sim carrier unusual to be damaged .
IMEI wrong .
No phone number details standard with many roms .
Network details not entered or incorrect or wrong CSC .
Wrong modem unlikely .
Best to restore phone to original firmware .
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1978840
Return to service .
JJEgan said:
Usual suspects .
Sim you tried another .
Sim carrier unusual to be damaged .
IMEI wrong .
No phone number details standard with many roms .
Network details not entered or incorrect or wrong CSC .
Wrong modem unlikely .
Best to restore phone to original firmware .
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1978840
Return to service .
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
First I restored the phone with the nandroid backup I made just before flashing. (still not register on network)
Then I restored the phone to stock Samsung with Odin (still not register on network)
The IMEI is still there(most thread I read with this problem people lost their IMEI)
The phone can connect to the network because it can retreive the time from the network.
If I make a network operator search it finds China Unicom(This is my sim card) and when I choose it it says "register on the network" but as soon as I try to call, I get the "not register on network" again.
I thought the IMEI might be block as it might be a stolen phone but I made a search on two IMEI database and it says CLEAR.
I flashed 3 Asian modems( I used to have a S3 I know the XXELJ2 was working with my sim card) and same result.
Have you tried flashing a different modem to your device and reporting the problem to your provider.
May sound obvious but the provider's logs may clearly show what is wrong and they can report it back to you.
Sent from my GT-I9300 using xda premium
JJEgan said:
Usual suspects .
Sim you tried another .
Sim carrier unusual to be damaged .
IMEI wrong .
No phone number details standard with many roms .
Network details not entered or incorrect or wrong CSC .
Wrong modem unlikely .
Best to restore phone to original firmware .
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1978840
Return to service .
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OMG you remind me of ABATURR IN STARCRAFT 2 HoTS
hahaha cool
---------- Post added at 10:47 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:06 AM ----------
zomgiloveyou said:
OMG you remind me of ABATURR IN STARCRAFT 2 HoTS
hahaha cool
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
anyway, tried this metod too now, and still the same ~
Hey guys, had a very similar problem to kremata (everything in EFS folder seemingly ok (IMEI and S/N were fine)), and for me it got fixed by applying Azira's Patch ( http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1918601 ).
However this solution only works by rooting and if you try to return it to stock it will reverse to being a 500$ PDA sadly.
In any case, the phone is now fully functional (calling/SMS/mobile data).
hey
i can fix ur problem
djhiti said:
i can fix ur problem
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ok

[need help] razr xt910 NO service But phone is reading sim card & its contacts

Guys I have a strange problem my razr wont connect to any of the data 2g or 3g only on custom roms like 4.4 Kitkat,Carbon rom etc . I flashed them on slot 1,2 even on stock slot but no luck.. I tried to change Baseband But It always failed So guys help me.....
Edit 11.12.2013:::
I fixed the problem partially..
I fixed the network mess It was bad radio which did this all I flashed ICS radio and now network works fine in all roms (Stock and Custom) BuT bo mobile data on any of them
Edit::::
Now Phone says NO SERVICE on both stock And custom rom but reads sim card contacts & SMS's...
I tried reflashing stock rom But no success. Help me guys...
2g/3g for many of the newer roms has been a problem with both the XT910 and XT912. I know with cyanogenmod 10.2 I'm still not able to connect to 2g/3g although LTE does work. With the newest release of cyanogenmod 11 though I do get 3g and LTE, although some people have been reporting they are not. Seems it's headed in the right direction. Give the latest CM11 build a shot and see if it works for you.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using xda app-developers app
kk but still i have no luck getting 3g on newer versions too.
Is there any APN that saved in your network setting? If it doesn't, set it and save it by hand.
Sorry for my bad English
yup apn's are saved as usual
3n3rg1c said:
yup apn's are saved as usual
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Uninstall your SIM CARD, and reinstall it again.
Sorry for my bad English
tried Not working Now even more strange thing happend NO SERVICE on Stock also but phone is reading sim card. I can see contacts & sms saved in sim card...
3n3rg1c said:
tried Not working Now even more strange thing happend NO SERVICE on Stock also but phone is reading sim card. I can see contacts & sms saved in sim card...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Reboot
Sorry for my bad English
Nothing is helping me dude I also tried flashing stock rom via rsd also.,.
3n3rg1c said:
Nothing is helping me dude I also tried flashing stock rom via rsd also.,.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you make a call? Did you have paid the SIM card cost?
Sorry for my bad English
Yup my SIM is in contract and working on other phones I can make and receive calls but not on razr I get NO SERVICE message
Open the phone (or dialer, whatever you would like to call it) and Dial *#*#4636#*#* and go to Phone Information and tell us what the preferred network is.
--
Also:
What ROM did you get LTE Only on?
I learned that sometimes ROMs can mess up NV's. The only way of fixing this is to wipe everything and start fresh. And when you are flashing you cannot downgrade, it will fail every time. You may already know what I am telling you but just in case.
And what carrier are you with?
Sent from my XT912 using Tapatalk
In my case in testing I am on GSM auto prl. I tried Flashing JB stock moto BUT it also did not solved my problem. I have erased my cid and checked with different region stock also but no progress
happened with my friend's xt912
turned out sim jacket problem
Hooray I fixed the network mess It was bad radio which did this all I flashed ICS radio and now network works fine in all roms (Stock and Custom) BuT bo mobile data on any of them
3n3rg1c said:
Hooray I fixed the network mess It was bad radio which did this all I flashed ICS radio and now network works fine in all roms (Stock and Custom) BuT bo mobile data on any of them
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I m having same mobile phone xt910 with idea sim ... already pissed with moto and google for not releasing JB in entire asia &
Now Same problem here but differnence i having this problem a sudden out of nowhere
its just been 13th month for my razr
never rooted or flashed ...
just updated to ICS from stock GB via usb data cable as update was in my country
I purchase a new microSIM & also did a data / factory rest from phone boot option ( u know from tht recovery option comes after rebooting in boot seq mode) to solve the problem but no positive result ... though i found one thing if u go to settings -> more -> mobile networks-> select network ... there you'll find 3 option
1) 2G only
2) 3G only
3) automatic default
well by 1st option works it given me range ... doesn't show no service or emergency calls but 2nd & 3rd option gives me same problem " NO SERVICE " or " EMERGENCY CALL "
sys version -
673.943.328.XT910.AsiaRetail.en.03
firmware version -
GAS_ASIA_USASPDRICSIRD_P021
i m worried if its really sim card jacket problem ...
hey faheemakbar18 how much time & money it took to fix that problem
I dont think its the problem of sim jack. Just go to dialer then *#*#4636*#*# then to phone info then hit menu key select radio band & choose option to automatic.. Hope this helps you.. I had same issue when I chose US BAND
XT910
3n3rg1c said:
I dont think its the problem of sim jack. Just go to dialer then *#*#4636*#*# then to phone info then hit menu key select radio band & choose option to automatic.. Hope this helps you.. I had same issue when I chose US BAND
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi. I have XT910 for more than two years. After brought the phone from Australia to Hong Kong (use Hong Kong SIM card) and back to Australia (replace SIM card with Aus one), I have the same problem as you. Phone can make voice call, but no mobile data connection (3G, 2G).
Want to know if your problem is fixed or not?
I once had an issue like this on my xt910 gsm and I found a way to fix it
Murphyung said:
I once had an issue like this on my xt910 gsm and I found a way to fix it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi. Can you tell me how to fix the issue: no mobile data, and phone saying "Syncing SIM card contacts"? Thanks.

Categories

Resources