[Q] HE modem and ROM choice ??? - Galaxy S III Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

I've updated to HE modem, rooted, unlocked, IMEI backed up, latest recovery. Could someone give a link or answer my noob questions?
#1 Do roms overwrite modem?
#2 Does a ROM need to be written for the HE modem? Meaning, if I have the HE, do I need to wait for a specific update in a rom's development?
Thanks.

Rom in zip format for recovery don't change the modem. Odin ones usually change it.
Rom doesn't care about modem directly, the communication is done by Ril. You can match or try different ril with GetRil app.

iclickjohn said:
I've updated to HE modem, rooted, unlocked, IMEI backed up, latest recovery. Could someone give a link or answer my noob questions?
#1 Do roms overwrite modem?
YES if modem is included in the rom you need to read the rom description if custom rom .Stock Rom always includes a modem and CSC .
#2 Does a ROM need to be written for the HE modem?
NO Modems roms and CSC are interchangeable but a modem or CSC may be specific to a local area .
Its all in the sticky and guides .
jje
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Striatum_bdr said:
Rom in zip format for recovery don't change the modem.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
In some ROM's the modem is already included in the zip and it can be another different modem than the one you have, so flashing the ROM can change the modem (in case it's in the zip, just need to check the features/changelog of the ROM you want to know it).
You just need to delete the modem in the zip before flashing or reflash the previous modem you had after the ROM.
EDIT: JJEgan is faster...
Sent from my HTC Sensation Z710e using xda app-developers app

Related

[Q] Some doubts about installing new ROM and Root on Samsung Galaxy S2

Hello everybody,
I'm going to install a new ROM - it was advised to me frankstain XWLA4 ROM - and I still have some question about installing that ROM:
1- which do I install first: the firmware or the kernel? And in Odin, where do I put Kernel?
2-Is it "safe" to install frankstain XWLA4 ROM? Would I have errors on my Samsung Galaxy S2?
3- how can I wipe my device (to clean all Vodafone ES "rubbish")? Should I do the wipe before or after installing the ROM and flashing my device?
4- By installing Stock ROM and CF-root I won't change the kernel right?
Thanks.
yellow simbol is not error. u get it when u put custom rom. but u can move it. chainfire make app for that.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
In fact my main question is: which do I install first: the firmware or the kernel? And in Odin, where do I put Kernel?
The others I think I know the answer but this question is essencial so I can start to install the new Firmware.
LA4 is very stable I've been running it for the last two days with no problems. If you flash a CF kernel you will have a different kernel but it will be as close to stock as possible just with a couple of extra features. You can down load the the original firmware/kernel from intratechs thread. All you need to do is flash a frankesten LA4 from intratech, it's all in one so you just use pda in odin.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk
Thanks man but I don't know what's LA4 ROM... and a buddy of our on anoher thread recommended me frankstain XWLA4 ROM and so I would like to install it.
For example, in this case:
"XWLA4
Android 2.3.6
There is no carrier branding
This package has: PDA: XWLA4| Modem/phone: XXKI3| CSC: XEUKH2
Download: http://uploadmirrors.com/download/3V...I9100XEUKH2.7z
XWLA4 Stock Kernel: http://uploadmirrors.com/download/0M..._I9100XWLA4.7z
Password: [email protected]
"
What should I install first? Kernel or the firmware? And where do I put Kernel on Odin?
Thanks.
marcadam said:
LA4 is very stable I've been running it for the last two days with no problems. If you flash a CF kernel you will have a different kernel but it will be as close to stock as possible just with a couple of extra features. You can down load the the original firmware/kernel from intratechs thread. All you need to do is flash a frankesten LA4 from intratech, it's all in one so you just use pda in odin.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
1- which do I install first: the firmware or the kernel? And in Odin, where do I put Kernel?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Most firmwares will have kernels included. Work with that for now.
diogogomes11 said:
2-Is it "safe" to install frankstain XWLA4 ROM? Would I have errors on my Samsung Galaxy S2?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. Those "Frankenstein" packages are stock, except Intratech mixed and matched the PDA, CSC, and modems. They just won't get recognized by Kies as a valid updateable firmware because of this though.
diogogomes11 said:
3- how can I wipe my device (to clean all Vodafone ES "rubbish")? Should I do the wipe before or after installing the ROM and flashing my device?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flash an unbranded stock firmware. Post #2 above the Frankenstein firmwares of the same thread. Or the Frankenstein ones. The only difference is the non-Frankenstein ones will probably be recognized by Kies as upgradeable, and the Frankenstein ones will probably not.
diogogomes11 said:
4- By installing Stock ROM and CF-root I won't change the kernel right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Wrong. If you install just stock ROM, yes. CF-Root is a custom kernel, so if you install that, you ARE changing the kernel.
---------- Post added at 02:34 PM ---------- Previous post was at 02:32 PM ----------
diogogomes11 said:
What should I install first? Kernel or the firmware? And where do I put Kernel on Odin?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As above, most if not all firmwares come with a kernel. If you want a custom kernel you must flash it AFTER you flash a firmware. Else if you flash a kernel first, then the firmware, then the firmware's kernel will overwrite the kernel you flashed first.
Kernels generally go in the PDA section of Odin.
EDIT: I think I see your confusion. You're wondering about the "stock kernel" link that's right below the firmware link. Right? Well that's there just in case you need it. For example, if you flashed a CF-Root kernel, and wanted to flash the stock kernel back. If you never end up flashing a non-stock kernel, then you won't need it. But I'd download it anyways, just in case you need it later.
diogogomes11 said:
Hello everybody,
I'm going to install a new ROM - it was advised to me frankstain XWLA4 ROM - and I still have some question about installing that ROM:
1- which do I install first: the firmware or the kernel? And in Odin, where do I put Kernel?
2-Is it "safe" to install frankstain XWLA4 ROM? Would I have errors on my Samsung Galaxy S2?
3- how can I wipe my device (to clean all Vodafone ES "rubbish")? Should I do the wipe before or after installing the ROM and flashing my device?
4- By installing Stock ROM and CF-root I won't change the kernel right?
Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1.XWLA4 is 2.3.6 so if you want to install a ROM with this Firmware and you are already on 2.3.6 then you dont need to flash anything.Root and flash the ROM.You need to flash a 2.3.6 firmware if you are on 2.3.5 for example before flashing a XWLA4 ROM.
1A. A kernel goes in PDA in Odin.
2.Its safe to install any ROM as long as you follow the instuctions that the Dev provides.You will have problems if for example you are on,as I already mentioned,2.3.5 and flash a 2.3.6 ROM.Always flash a ROM thats compatable with your Firmware.Frankenstein has firmwares not ROMs.Developers have ROMs.
3.To get rid of carrier apps all you need to do is flash a Firmware or custom ROM.Thats all.After flashing a Firmware its a good idea to do a factory reset.
4.By installing a CF-Root kernel you are changing the stock kernel for a root kernel.Kies will still work with a stock Firmware and root kernel.Kies OTA updates will not work with a custom ROM nor updates via Kies.
You diserved many thanks man
EDIT: I think I understand what you're saying... As my actual firmware is 2.3.5 and I have a stock Kernel (I never touched it since I have my phone), I just have to install the 200MB file on Odin with the 2.3.6 firmware and that's ok?
ctomgee said:
Most firmwares will have kernels included. Work with that for now.
Yes. Those "Frankenstein" packages are stock, except Intratech mixed and matched the PDA, CSC, and modems. They just won't get recognized by Kies as a valid updateable firmware because of this though.
Flash an unbranded stock firmware. Post #2 above the Frankenstein firmwares of the same thread. Or the Frankenstein ones. The only difference is the non-Frankenstein ones will probably be recognized by Kies as upgradeable, and the Frankenstein ones will probably not.
Wrong. If you install just stock ROM, yes. CF-Root is a custom kernel, so if you install that, you ARE changing the kernel.
---------- Post added at 02:34 PM ---------- Previous post was at 02:32 PM ----------
As above, most if not all firmwares come with a kernel. If you want a custom kernel you must flash it AFTER you flash a firmware. Else if you flash a kernel first, then the firmware, then the firmware's kernel will overwrite the kernel you flashed first.
Kernels generally go in the PDA section of Odin.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good work man. You said "You need to flash a 2.3.6 firmware if you are on 2.3.5 for example before flashing a XWLA4 ROM"... So, in this case I have a Vodafone ES 2.3.5 ROM so before installing XWLA4 I have to install another 2.3.6 ROM? Is this it?
There is my info about the ROM I have:
PDA: I9100BU KJ3
PHONE:I9100BU KI1
CSC:I9100 ATLKI2
cooza said:
1.XWLA4 is 2.3.6 so if you want to install a ROM with this Firmware and you are already on 2.3.6 then you dont need to flash anything.Root and flash the ROM.You need to flash a 2.3.6 firmware if you are on 2.3.5 for example before flashing a XWLA4 ROM.
1A. A kernel goes in PDA in Odin.
2.Its safe to install any ROM as long as you follow the instuctions that the Dev provides.You will have problems if for example you are on,as I already mentioned,2.3.5 and flash a 2.3.6 ROM.Always flash a ROM thats compatable with your Firmware.Frankenstein has firmwares not ROMs.Developers have ROMs.
3.To get rid of carrier apps all you need to do is flash a Firmware or custom ROM.Thats all.After flashing a Firmware its a good idea to do a factory reset.
4.By installing a CF-Root kernel you are changing the stock kernel for a root kernel.Kies will still work with a stock Firmware and root kernel.Kies OTA updates will not work with a custom ROM nor updates via Kies.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
You diserved many thanks man
Although, a friend of ours on xda said to me that XWLA4 is excellent firmware so I would like to install it, but I don't know what to install first on Odin, the Kernel or the 200MB ROM are you understanding?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
*sigh*... I'm understanding. It's pretty clear you are not.
Please read the "Edit" portion of my post above again. You don't need to install the kernel at all. That kernel is the stock kernel. It is already in the ROM. The only reason it is linked separately is if you flashed a different, non-stock kernel, and later wanted to flash back to a stock kernel.
If you DO want to flash a custom kernel, then you will ALWAYS have to flash it AFTER you flash a ROM. Because the kernel that is included with the ROM will overwrite whatever kernel is on the phone.
Savvy?
EDIT: We must've been posting at the same time.
diogogomes11 said:
You diserved many thanks man
EDIT: I think I understand what you're saying... As my actual firmware is 2.3.5 and I have a stock Kernel (I never touched it since I have my phone), I just have to install the 200MB file on Odin with the 2.3.6 firmware and that's ok?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes.
Thanks man. Now I think I'm understanding too The other colleague said "You need to flash a 2.3.6 firmware if you are on 2.3.5 for example before flashing a XWLA4 ROM." So, if I want to install XWLA4 ROM I have to install another 2.3.6 first? I think that's my last main doubt ?
ctomgee said:
*sigh*... I'm understanding. It's pretty clear you are not.
Please read the "Edit" portion of my post above again. You don't need to install the kernel at all. That kernel is the stock kernel. It is already in the ROM. The only reason it is linked separately is if you flashed a different, non-stock kernel, and later wanted to flash back to a stock kernel.
If you DO want to flash a custom kernel, then you will ALWAYS have to flash it AFTER you flash a ROM. Because the kernel that is included with the ROM will overwrite whatever kernel is on the phone.
Savvy?
EDIT: We must've been posting at the same time.
Yes.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
Thanks man. Now I think I'm understanding too The other colleague said "You need to flash a 2.3.6 firmware if you are on 2.3.5 for example before flashing a XWLA4 ROM." So, if I want to install XWLA4 ROM I have to install another 2.3.6 first? I think that's my last main doubt ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not if it's stock. Depends on what he was talking about. Some custom ROMs require you to be on the same base version (i.e. 2.3.6) before flashing them.
You should be able to flash the stock XWLA4 ROM right now, if you've not updated your phone at all yet.
The Frankenstein XWLA4 ROM too?
ctomgee said:
Not if it's stock. Depends on what he was talking about. Some custom ROMs require you to be on the same base version (i.e. 2.3.6) before flashing them.
You should be able to flash the stock XWLA4 ROM right now, if you've not updated your phone at all yet.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
The Frankenstein XWLA4 ROM too?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. As stated, the only difference on Intratech's official firmware thread between the fully stock ROMs and the Frankenstein ones is he mixed and matched CSC and modems with PDAs on the Frankenstein ones. While this doesn't necessarily affect the operation of the phone, it will keep Kies from recognizing it as an updateable phone.
OK. Thanks and sorry for sending a private message at some seconds ago about this theme but I wanted to flash my new ROM
If I can help you on another thing, I'm available.
Thanks all xda good useres like you guys.
ctomgee said:
Yes. As stated, the only difference on Intratech's official firmware thread between the fully stock ROMs and the Frankenstein ones is he mixed and matched CSC and modems with PDAs on the Frankenstein ones. While this doesn't necessarily affect the operation of the phone, it will keep Kies from recognizing it as an updateable phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
OK. Thanks and sorry for sending a private message at some seconds ago about this theme but I wanted to flash my new ROM
If I can help you on another thing, I'm available.
Thanks all xda good useres like you guys.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
PM ignored, then. Good luck.
I've already installed the firmware and have made root. All OK except that I do *#272*Device IMEI# with my IMEI in order to install my CSC and it always says ATL and doesn't let me write TPH and if I click on install with ATL letters it says it needs only 3 letters!
Can you help me on this situation?
Thanks again.
ctomgee said:
PM ignored, then. Good luck.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
diogogomes11 said:
I've already installed the firmware and have made root. All OK except that I do *#272*Device IMEI# with my IMEI in order to install my CSC and it always says ATL and doesn't let me write TPH and if I click on install with ATL letters it says it needs only 3 letters!
Can you help me on this situation?
Thanks again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have no clue what you're talking about. So I can't help you, sorry.
EDIT: what are you trying to do, exactly?
Look at this topic: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1075278
On Frankenstein Firmware's it says:
"For MultiCSC packages you can change between csc by typing *#272*Device IMEI# into the dial pad and selecting the csc of your choice and press install. It will reset the device."
So I installed a Frankenstein firmware and to install my country CSC - Portugal - I have to do something else right? So I've done *#272*Device IMEI# in order to install my CSC and it always shows "ATL" and doesn't let me write "TPH" - the letters for my country - and if I click on install with "ATL" letters it says it needs only 3 letters!
I want to install my CSC so I can browse the Web and receive MMS on my Samsung Galaxy S2.
Thanks again.
ctomgee said:
I have no clue what you're talking about. So I can't help you, sorry.
EDIT: what are you trying to do, exactly?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That will work if you have a multi CSC pack and the Firmware that you have installed does not.You cant type in your CSC,you have to select it from the list.Not all Frankenstein Firmwares have multi-CSC packs thats why at the bottom of the page there is a list of other CSCs to flash at your own choice.If you look at the Firmware you have flashed to your phone (XWLA4) it clearly states "CSC: XEUKH2" which is for the Great Britian region.At the moment the links are down so you cant download any CSC packs so the only way to get your countries correct CSC is to flash a custom ROM that has a multi-CSC pack built in like I did.As for the ATL question...you said that you had an S2 from spain,correct?!..well ATL is the product code for Vodafone Spain.
EDIT:you can browse the web on another countries CSC although it may not be as good and MMS settings are provider set.You could flash XWKK(2.3.6) which has a CSC pack for the Netherlands but normally also a KOR one too.The KOR(KOREA) CSC works fine for Spain and Portugal.I would suggest a custom ROM to get the best out of your phone.There are a lot around.

[Q] 9100 international.. what's roms ?

So I just got a galaxy s2 unlocked. International. Was wonder what I need the flash or try custom rom?
Sorta confused with all this talk of modem version... help
Read the stickies in first instances.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk
I suggest you run CheckROM RevoHD v6 with the latest Siyah Gingerbread kernel. It gives me the best battery life when I implement MagicConfig.
1. Download CheckROM and Siyah kernel and copy it to your phone. Make sure you remember the location thereof.
2. Download and install the latest GB insecure kernel by Chainfire and install it via ODIN from your PC.
3. Enter recovery mode on your phone and install the downloaded firmware which is in a ZIP file
4. Reboot your phone and let it continue to complete the initial setup.
5. Reboot to recovery mode again, install siyah kernel (also a ZIP file) and reboot again.
6. Look for the MagicConfig thread and modify the kernel settings to get the best balance between performance and battery life.
PS: doing the above will void your warranty so be careful. I also suggest that you do a little research before attempting anything drastic. First read then ask.
Sent from my GT-P7500 using Tapatalk
Well I am asking about most how does modems have to do with the roms. I'm used to HTC with default radio and every rom works lol
Any Gingerbread or ICS Modem can be used with any rom period. It is just a radio and some perform better in certain regions. ( For me KL1 in Canada)
sm625614 said:
Any Gingerbread or ICS Modem can be used with any rom period. It is just a radio and some perform better in certain regions. ( For me KL1 in Canada)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, any GB or ICS modem meant for your device, anyways.
Then why is there specific firmware for each modem? How would I backup all my original stuff?
tradeware said:
Then why is there specific firmware for each modem? How would I backup all my original stuff?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
We usually start by reading the Guides specifically Nandroid backup via Clockwork Mod recovery .An apps backup via Titanium Pro app .
THERE IS NO SPECIFIC FIRMWARE FOR EACH MODEM .
Firmware is released with a modem inside . Modem updates do not happen as often as firmware is upgraded . Apart from a few network specific locations all modems work with all firmware . Some users may find xxx modem better than yy modem .
Firmware is flashed as one file containing firmware /OS Kernel/ Modem/CSC in most cases all parts of the firmware are interchangeable within the same Android version .
jje

Can I change modem im my Samsung Galaxy S II I9100?

Hi!
My current phone is:
Samsung Galaxy S II I9100 which is rooted.
ROM: RootBOX 1.5
kernel: Fluxi 3.0.36
current modem: XXLPR
My question would be, can I change the modem just like a random fleshable .zip ? Do I need to perform FULL WIPE? I tried to look up in the forum but only found solutions for non-rooted phones.
Please help
Regards,
Yes. Most modems are CWM flashable. Do a Google search & append XDA to your search terms ("SGS2 CWM modems", etc...use your imagination). Here's a link to a thread that has a bunch of modems to get you started.
Edit - No wipe, clear cache or clear Dalvik required when you flash a modem. Simply boot into CWRecovery, flash the modem, reboot. Done.
Dioktis said:
Hi!
My current phone is:
Samsung Galaxy S II I9100 which is rooted.
ROM: RootBOX 1.5
kernel: Fluxi 3.0.36
current modem: XXLPR
My question would be, can I change the modem just like a random fleshable .zip ? Do I need to perform FULL WIPE? I tried to look up in the forum but only found solutions for non-rooted phones.
Please help
Regards,
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yes u can flash the zip files of modem thro recovery without any issue, and no need to do full wipe, and also the modem will not wipe anything on ur phone.
after flashing a modem please see it settles down by allowing it for a cpl of days
find some flashable zip collection in link below
Modem Collection
MistahBungle said:
Yes. Most modems are CWM flashable. Do a Google search & append XDA to your search terms ("SGS2 CWM modems", etc...use your imagination). Here's a link to a thread that has a bunch of modems to get you started.
Edit - No wipe, clear cache or clear Dalvik required when you flash a modem. Simply boot into CWRecovery, flash the modem, reboot. Done.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sun90 said:
yes u can flash the zip files of modem thro recovery without any issue, and no need to do full wipe, and also the modem will not wipe anything on ur phone.
after flashing a modem please see it settles down by allowing it for a cpl of days
find some flashable zip collection in link below
Modem Collection
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you both for your quick replies!
Hmm now could you suggest me which one to choose? It seems there are so many of them... My main aim for this modem change is to save as much battery as possible.
Regards,
Dioktis said:
Thank you both for your quick replies!
Hmm now could you suggest me which one to choose? It seems there are so many of them... My main aim for this modem change is to save as much battery as possible.
Regards,
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
They all work differently depending on your location. One that works well for someone else may not work well for you. Try each one for a while to find one that works well for you.
Eventually I have downloaded the latest XXLPR modem.
Runs pretty good.
Thanks guys!
Uslpg is the best as per me
Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk 2
Sorry for reviving this old post but can I flash any SGS 2 modem on my phone?
slashragnarok said:
Sorry for reviving this old post but can I flash any SGS 2 modem on my phone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
NO, AFAIK if the modem is meant for s2 I9100G u cant flash it on ur s2 I9100 or its variants M/P/T etc
Sun90 said:
NO, AFAIK if the modem is meant for s2 I9100G u cant flash it on ur s2 I9100 or its variants M/P/T etc
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay but all I9100 modems are "inter-flashable" right? Which brings me to the question, why flash another modem at all? I mean logically the stock modem is meant for my region and should be, at least theoretically, the best for my phone.
Theres nothing wrong with reviving old threads as its better than opening up new ones.
Youve just got to try out different modems and kernels and see how your phone performs with the permutations youve chosen.

Modem issue

Hi,
I have the International version of the Samsung Galaxy S III I9300. The baseband that I am using is I9300UBLF2. I was wondering if there is a new modem version I could try to help improve my reception and data issues. I know that I have to root my phone to install a new modem. But can I keep my stock rom or do I need to install a custom rom? How would I install a new modem version for my phone? Thanks
easiest way is to install a custom Tom like omega, then choose the modem from the built in app inside omega..
are you on at&t? even if you switch to the best modem available, your reception, and internet will still suck. I hate my sgs3, I wish I got the American version, good luck to you
Sent from my GT-I9300 using xda app-developers app
You dont need to do anything but install a different modem from the modem thread .See the sticky top of this page .
A custom rom is not needed and will void warranty .
jje
​
JJEgan said:
You dont need to do anything but install a different modem from the modem thread .See the sticky top of this page .
A custom rom is not needed and will void warranty .
jje
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
Thanks for your help. But where is the modem thread I can not find it. Could you please send me a link to the modem thread. Also what modem version can I use and what is the current one. Thanks for your help.
aekie95 said:
​
Hi,
Thanks for your help. But where is the modem thread I can not find it. Could you please send me a link to the modem thread. Also what modem version can I use and what is the current one. Thanks for your help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
[REF] Galaxy S3 Modem / Radio Collection (I9300 & I9300T ONLY) CWM & Odin Flashable

[Q] Baseband change

I am currently using stock 4.3 rom for s3. But i want the mk6 version. Is it possible to change it without flashing a mk6 rom? i know it may sound funny to others. But i dont really have any knowledge about these modem, baseband thing. Most of the MODs are made available for mk6 version, so was wondering if I could get it without changing the rom.
atikrasul said:
I am currently using stock 4.3 rom for s3. But i want the mk6 version. Is it possible to change it without flashing a mk6 rom? i know it may sound funny to others. But i dont really have any knowledge about these modem, baseband thing. Most of the MODs are made available for mk6 version, so was wondering if I could get it without changing the rom.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Definitely just search for it... Zip file flashable through recovery..
Sent from my GT-I9300
searched, but dint get any related thread. can you please help?
kunal1540 said:
Definitely just search for it... Zip file flashable through recovery..
Sent from my GT-I9300
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=50093618
Sent from my GT-I9300
search for a flashable zip file and flash it through odin or a modem.bin file to flash it it mobile odin. make sure it's the right modem for your phone or you will encounter a problem

Categories

Resources