Flash via ODIN.
This package has the hidden.img file, removed from the firmware, so it should give you no error.
Just flash and enjoy it.
Download link : Samsung GALAXY ALPHA SM-G850F - NORDIC Firmware - Lollipop 5.0.2
UniversalKID said:
Flash via ODIN.
This package has the hidden.img file, removed from the firmware, so it should give you no error.
Just flash and enjoy it.
Download link : Samsung GALAXY ALPHA SM-G850F - NORDIC Firmware - Lollipop 5.0.2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
getting following error mate
Cannot decrypt the metadata without key.
shub said:
getting following error mate
Cannot decrypt the metadata without key.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try this link :
Samsung GALAXY ALPHA SM-G850F - NORDIC Firmware - Lollipop 5.0.2
Key Included & the link in the first post [OP] updated.
UniversalKID said:
Try this link :
Samsung GALAXY ALPHA SM-G850F - NORDIC Firmware - Lollipop 5.0.2
Key Included & the link in the first post [OP] updated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
just a quick question mate...
what does NORDIC Firmware means?
is this Samsung factory image ? will this trigger the Knox ?
shub said:
just a quick question mate...
what does NORDIC Firmware means?
is this Samsung factory image ? will this trigger the Knox ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's the Lollipop version for the nordic countries. Much more stable.
No, it will not trigger KNOX. Do not flash a custom recovery, that will trigger KNOX.
It's safe to flash. Go for it.
Yes, it's official Samsung firmware.
UniversalKID said:
It's the Lollipop version for the nordic countries. Much more stable.
No, it will not trigger KNOX. Do not flash a custom recovery, that will trigger KNOX.
It's safe to flash. Go for it.
Yes, it's official Samsung firmware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is it also working for not Nordic countries, like Belgium?
kurtcauwelaers said:
Is it also working for not Nordic countries, like Belgium?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. Is compatible with all countries.
It's safe, don't worry.
Does this rom have Android OS battery drain problem? I downloaded Nordic rom via SamFirm and Android OS and Android system drain my battery.
anderledani said:
Does this rom have Android OS battery drain problem? I downloaded Nordic rom via SamFirm and Android OS and Android system drain my battery.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So far so good. I'm using it and there is no draining issue. I also did a factory reset after installing this firmware.
UniversalKID said:
So far so good. I'm using it and there is no draining issue. I also did a factory reset after installing this firmware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can I install this on my SMG850M?
I have allready 5.0.2, so what difference it is with this?
vgran said:
I have allready 5.0.2, so what difference it is with this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's a stable version with bugs fixed.
UniversalKID said:
It's a stable version with bugs fixed.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Like recent buttons and memory leak?
Sent from my SM-G850F
can I flash this on my 850M?
I read in another forum that when we flash a rom without the hidden image, the modem is not updating and we have to :
a) extract the rom and find modem.bin
b) open odin and flash modem.bin in the CP section of odin.
Can someone verify that this is true?
ipred said:
I read in another forum that when we flash a rom without the hidden image, the modem is not updating and we have to :
a) extract the rom and find modem.bin
b) open odin and flash modem.bin in the CP section of odin.
Can someone verify that this is true?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not true.
I thought I would flash this to see if this fixes the wireless charging problem, but it does not. At present, on Lollipop the phone does not fully charge via Qi. Only charges upto 69%.
Is there a way to root this version?
why is this version 2GB when most i see are ~1.3
iakovl said:
why is this version 2GB when most i see are ~1.3
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is Lollipop Official Stock Firmware. I checked the Nordic, German, French and Romanian versions...they all have over 2GB.
So it's all ok, relax.
Related
Hi, new here with a little knowledge
Want to downgrade from 7.0 to 6.0.1 and believe I can do this using Odin, and have a version of 6.0.1 from sammobile.com.
my first attempt failed as sw check failed - device 5, binary 4.
So have downloaded a version binary 5 of 6.0.1 but this is BTU sw not the VOD version that's currently on the device.
I am a Voda UK customer with a locked device - can I load the BTU version on my device or does anyone know where I can find a binary v5 of the VOD 6.0.1 firmware?
thanks in advance.
tshw said:
Hi, new here with a little knowledge
Want to downgrade from 7.0 to 6.0.1 and believe I can do this using Odin, and have a version of 6.0.1 from sammobile.com.
my first attempt failed as sw check failed - device 5, binary 4.
So have downloaded a version binary 5 of 6.0.1 but this is BTU sw not the VOD version that's currently on the device.
I am a Voda UK customer with a locked device - can I load the BTU version on my device or does anyone know where I can find a binary v5 of the VOD 6.0.1 firmware?
thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can flash BTU on to your device, however there's a chance Wi-Fi calling and voLTE will not work.
However the bad news... You can't downgrade once the bootloader has been updated. If you try it will fail, most likely at sboot.bin
callumbr1 said:
You can flash BTU on to your device, however there's a chance Wi-Fi calling and voLTE will not work.
However the bad news... You can't downgrade once the bootloader has been updated. If you try it will fail, most likely at sboot.bin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you, I have a binary 5 version of 6.0.1 - will I need to wipe partition if I install btu?
tshw said:
Thank you, I have a binary 5 version of 6.0.1 - will I need to wipe partition if I install btu?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope you can just flash BTU mate. Thanks the posts
Will do, thank you, will it sorry if I have v
callumbr1 said:
Nope you can just flash BTU mate. Thanks the posts
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Will do thank you, if I have vod installed from factory will btu overwrite vod.
tshw said:
Will do thank you, if I have vod installed from factory will btu overwrite vod.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it will. VOD and BTU are just the csc codes. BTU is UK unbranded.
callumbr1 said:
Yeah it will. VOD and BTU are just the csc codes. BTU is UK unbranded.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Help! It seems to have succeeded but now get stuck on the flashy samsung screen and the vibrates every now and then and stays flashing - how can I fix??
tshw said:
Help! It seems to have succeeded but now get stuck on the flashy samsung screen and the vibrates every now and then and stays flashing - how can I fix??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you flash a nougat firmware??
Is it on the powered by android screen or samsung logo?
callumbr1 said:
Did you flash a nougat firmware??
Is it on the powered by android screen or samsung logo?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
back to 6.0.1 BTU from 7.0 VOD and stuck on Samsung with blue light at the top - have done a wipe cache and factory reset from boot menu and now sat on Samsung logo and blue light
tshw said:
back to 6.0.1 BTU from 7.0 VOD and stuck on Samsung with blue light at the top - have done a wipe cache and factory reset from boot menu and now sat on Samsung logo and blue light
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Leave it like that for 10-20 minutes. It can take a while to boot up first time.
callumbr1 said:
Leave it like that for 10-20 minutes. It can take a while to boot up first time.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you, i left it and it worked and back to 6.0.1 - hopefully the software update its downloading isn't 7.0.
Thanks for your help.
tshw said:
Thank you, i left it and it worked and back to 6.0.1 - hopefully the software update its downloading isn't 7.0.
Thanks for your help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It most likely will be a 7.0 update. Just keep declining it. Don't install it. Turn off auto update. Set it to manual. Thank my posts that helped please with the thanks button ?
one last question - yes it is the 7.0 - so have said later to the install - is there any way i can delete the install files?
tshw said:
one last question - yes it is the 7.0 - so have said later to the install - is there any way i can delete the install files?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Im not too sure to be honest. I would say you will need root as the files will most likely be saved in /system
Is this even possible seen loads of guides online saying download 6.0.1 and Odin then flash but if the boot loader is for 7.0 it will fail can I 6.0 boot loader be flashed via Odin ? Anyone got a working guide my s6 edge keeps rebooting when it wants to on 7.0 need to get back to 6.0.1?
jutley said:
Is this even possible seen loads of guides online saying download 6.0.1 and Odin then flash but if the boot loader is for 7.0 it will fail can I 6.0 boot loader be flashed via Odin ? Anyone got a working guide my s6 edge keeps rebooting when it wants to on 7.0 need to get back to 6.0.1?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Read up this thread. The guy flashed 6.0.1 BTU over 7.0 and it worked fine without issue. If you download your firmware from http://updato.com it comes in 5 files. Then you can flash the 6.0.1 BL separately.
callumbr1 said:
Read up this thread. The guy flashed 6.0.1 BTU over 7.0 and it worked fine without issue. If you download your firmware from http://updato.com it comes in 5 files. Then you can flash the 6.0.1 BL separately.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do i need to flash all the 5 files?
jutley said:
Do i need to flash all the 5 files?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah but read the posts in this thread. So far ive only known it work to flash BTU.
callumbr1 said:
Yeah but read the posts in this thread. So far ive only known it work to flash BTU.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My s6 edge 64gb is on EE uk was going to download ee 6.0.1 and flash it over ee uk 7.0.
jutley said:
My s6 edge 64gb is on EE uk was going to download ee 6.0.1 and flash it over ee uk 7.0.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah okay try that. It may work it may not. If it doesn't then try the UK BTU firmware. You need to flash 4 files. CP, BL, AP and CSC. Not the csc_home
Odin Flashable Android 8.0.0 Oreo Stock Firmware.
Only for Exynos G950F and G950FD variants. For Galaxy S8+ visit here - https://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s8+/development/rom-galaxy-s8-t3749444
Instructions -
1. Extract zip.
2. Open Odin 3.13.1 and place AP, BL, CP, and HOME_CSC/CSC.
3. Start and wait for the device to reboot.
4. Done!
Note - Use Odin 3.13.1 only for new firmware.
Downloads -
Official Oreo Odin Flashable CRGB - https://drive.google.com/open?id=1OkYK8Z3KPbm9ftJpQ-5yN0DyZpnUNS9f
Odin 3.1.3.1 - https://drive.google.com/open?id=19a2IW8SOFIUy7sDxZQTDo1YcnbXFFEXd
Installation video -
Credits -
@murtaza02 for his guide - https://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s8+/how-to/guide-how-to-flash-crap-using-odin-t3748555
Press the thanks button if you want to:silly:
What about CSC? I only see Home_CSC. I will try it as soon as possible. Thank you for uploading it
:good:Thanks for ROM it!!!
Nice work!!
thanks!
downloaded and installed. works flawlessly although I assumed it would wipe my data (running Batman 1.5) but it didnt and instead upgraded to Oreo without a single glitch while retaining all my data. will monitor over the next couple days to see if the "dirty flash" affects any functionality and battery life and revert.
EDIT: lost my root access as expected of course.
.I've also been with me in 10 minutes without any mistake, keeping the data 100%
mateoo337 said:
What about CSC? I only see Home_CSC. I will try it as soon as possible. Thank you for uploading it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I used HOME_CSC because CSC would wipe the data.
How I can flash without wipe? Can i flash over the stock rom?
Marconicosax said:
How I can flash without wipe? Can i flash over the stock rom?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. This is a stock rom only. You can flash it on oreo beta 6 or stock nougat.
Ruturaj Kadam said:
Yes. This is a stock rom only. You can flash it on oreo beta 6 or stock nougat.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
are you sure I do not lose data and apps?
Tx
Marconicosax said:
are you sure I do not lose data and apps?
Tx
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes you will not lose data if you're updating from stock.
Did this update work with G950FXXU1AQK7 or it is necessary the G950FXXU1AQL5
Thanks in advance
VITMAD said:
Did this update work with G950FXXU1AQK7 or it is necessary the G950FXXU1AQL5
Thanks in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It works on AQK7 too.
Ruturaj Kadam said:
It works on AQK7 too.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Soon I'll give you some news, about if works or not
Thanks in advance
Hi
Thank you for share
What CSC firmware please ?
Hello guys... what about this "CRAP" crappy news? retired from deployment waiting for a new version..
have you experienced any issue?
or is just a move to move people attention to the new S9?
coyote950 said:
Hi
Thank you for share
What CSC firmware please ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
INS
ergal said:
Hello guys... what about this "CRAP" crappy news? retired from deployment waiting for a new version..
have you experienced any issue?
or is just a move to move people attention to the new S9?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No issues. Its stock Oreo firmware.
Ruturaj Kadam said:
No issues. Its stock Oreo firmware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
https://www.sammobile.com/news/sams...roid-8-0-release-new-version-being-developed/
EDIT: reading users comments it seems the issue is related to OTA update process failing.
ergal said:
https://www.sammobile.com/news/sams...roid-8-0-release-new-version-being-developed/
EDIT: reading users comments it seems the issue is related to OTA update process failing.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes I know about it. But I faced no issues.
Edit : Its ok as this one is a Odin flashable.
Ruturaj Kadam said:
Yes. This is a stock rom only. You can flash it on oreo beta 6 or stock nougat.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm using stock nougat. it can flashable to my device ? my screenshot detail
Once flahed. Will it support OTA update in future?
Is it require root ? I'm new user..
*dual SIM Singapore starhub
Thanks in advance..
Hi guys!
I have a question! I have a Galaxy S9+ (dual sim) and I would like to "dirty flash" the new Android P because I'm not getting the update via OTA for now. Is this possible without root?
Thank you!
tecksulfur said:
Hi guys!
I have a question! I have a Galaxy S9+ (dual sim) and I would like to "dirty flash" the new Android P because I'm not getting the update via OTA for now. Is this possible without root?
Thank you!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, using ODIN download the ROM for your device and flash it from your PC. Knox won't be triggered if it's and official ROM
Sent from S.G. S9+ Duos
What if I try to flash the new Android 9 with official rom for another country with the same PDA and CSC ?
G9650?
nothing yet for the snapdragon g9650 version?:confuso:
sentinelvdx said:
Yes, using ODIN download the ROM for your device and flash it from your PC. Knox won't be triggered if it's and official ROM
Sent from S.G. S9+ Duos
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the reply, but if I flash it with Odin, I will lose everything, is like Factory Reset. I would like to keep everything just as it is now.
tecksulfur said:
Thanks for the reply, but if I flash it with Odin, I will lose everything, is like Factory Reset. I would like to keep everything just as it is now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
U won't lose u data if u select FOR CSC - HOME CSC
WILL.13 said:
U won't lose u data if u select FOR CSC - HOME CSC
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ohh nice, I didn't know that. So if I choose for CSC -> Home CSC it won't erase my stuff? Nice, thank you very much!
tecksulfur said:
Ohh nice, I didn't know that. So if I choose for CSC -> Home CSC it won't erase my stuff? Nice, thank you very much!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yh u won't
tecksulfur said:
Hi guys!
I have a question! I have a Galaxy S9+ (dual sim) and I would like to "dirty flash" the new Android P because I'm not getting the update via OTA for now. Is this possible without root?
Thank you!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Download new firmware and flashing with odin 13
Not failed
alimokhtarabadi said:
Download new firmware and flashing with odin 13
Not failed
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where did you get the firmware , or better where Can I download it ? Sammobile ? If yes , It is asking for a premium subscription.
ZaKaRia OuH said:
Where did you get the firmware , or better where Can I download it ? Sammobile ? If yes , It is asking for a premium subscription.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410963190603881419
ZaKaRia OuH said:
Where did you get the firmware , or better where Can I download it ? Sammobile ? If yes , It is asking for a premium subscription.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No need for a premium subscription, just register and you'll be able to download it.
alimokhtarabadi said:
Download new firmware and flashing with odin 13
Not failed
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good for you. I only manage to flash the CSC one which clean flash my phone. Home CSC get stuck on something .img.
Hi. So I'm on stock Oreo with XME CSC. I have downloaded stock Pie with OXM CSC. What should I do in Odin if I want to upgrade the firmware without losing data?
twinh3ad said:
Hi. So I'm on stock Oreo with XME CSC. I have downloaded stock Pie with OXM CSC. What should I do in Odin if I want to upgrade the firmware without losing data?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The theory is just flash Home_CSC instead of the CSC one. You'll get 4 files from sammobile, but need only 3. Choose the home_CSC will not delete data. But as I mentioned above, my S9+ got stuck with Home_CSC so I have to flash the CSC ones. But @alimokhtarabadi successfully flash with Home_CSC, good luck to you.
Gody1313 said:
nothing yet for the snapdragon g9650 version?:confuso:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
X2
Hi all,
I want to downgrade from G965FXXUAETG3 to G965FXXS7DTB1 because this modem is not supported by chimeratool. Please let me know any possibility by any means.
Regards
hainguyenthao said:
No way to downgrade, but why u want to ? do u need patch cert or what ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I want to change IMEI and patch cert with chimera tool but current modem is unsupported so want to go back to supported modem which is on 8th binary else my lovely phone is unusable.
Any suggestion related to patch cert?
I got a customer who wants to downgrade from Android 10 to 8. I know Samsung has anti-downgrade protection and you can't flash older firmware using Odin.
What about rooting the phone first though and flashing the Android 8 firmware using TWRP? Wouldn't that work?
patr1xcore said:
I got a customer who wants to downgrade from Android 10 to 8. I know Samsung has anti-downgrade protection and you can't flash older firmware using Odin.
What about rooting the phone first though and flashing the Android 8 firmware using TWRP? Wouldn't that work?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My phone is already rooted and do you have any guide how can I flash complete firmware through twrp with bootloader. Actual problem is bootloader which can't initialize previous version of modem. I have downgraded modem but it does not pick IMEI.
patr1xcore said:
I got a customer who wants to downgrade from Android 10 to 8. I know Samsung has anti-downgrade protection and you can't flash older firmware using Odin.
What about rooting the phone first though and flashing the Android 8 firmware using TWRP? Wouldn't that work?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You'd have to flash system, vendor and a kernel that can run Android 8. Just flashing the firmware straight up won't work
ShaDisNX255 said:
You'd have to flash system, vendor and a kernel that can run Android 8. Just flashing the firmware straight up won't work
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is it possible? I've never done that.
patr1xcore said:
Is it possible? I've never done that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I mean, I've done it on other Samsung phones, yes. Updated officially to Pie and then flashed an Oreo ROM that includes system, vendor and kernel images and it runs fine.
ShaDisNX255 said:
I mean, I've done it on other Samsung phones, yes. Updated officially to Pie and then flashed an Oreo ROM that includes system, vendor and kernel images and it runs fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How you have done it? Samsung boot loader won't allow you to downgrade !
galliard said:
How you have done it? Samsung boot loader won't allow you to downgrade !
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't need to downgrade bootloader, just need to flash the ROM which includes system, vendor and a working kernel.
I'm speaking strictly about running Android 8, not downgrading. So this method of downgrading to Oreo probably won't help you on your problem
Can we do it with firmware combination file or eng modem?
I install alexndr stock oreo rom from android file host.But i see that CSC is from east europe and i am from west europe(Croatia).I cant get the mobile data to work and the IMEI is empty i tried to install older modem and the latest modem but doesent work.What should i do?
IZIPIZI135 said:
I install alexndr stock oreo rom from android file host.But i see that CSC is from east europe and i am from west europe(Croatia).I cant get the mobile data to work and the IMEI is empty i tried to install older modem and the latest modem but doesent work.What should i do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You posted in wrong thread, however flash complete firmware from odin and then do customization.
galliard said:
You posted in wrong thread, however flash complete firmware from odin and then do customization.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
what firmware do i flash?
Anybody please tell me that can I downgrade with combination firmware?
galliard said:
Anybody please tell me that can I downgrade with combination firmware?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I guess we both having same issue. I upgraded to UAETG3 and the mobile signals were gone. IMEI status is 'NG' and it says emergency calls only. The binary of aforesaid update is higher and it won't let me downgrade. Have you found a solution?
matrixology said:
I guess we both having same issue. I upgraded to UAETG3 and the mobile signals were gone. IMEI status is 'NG' and it says emergency calls only. The binary of aforesaid update is higher and it won't let me downgrade. Have you found a solution?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try to flash complete firmware from odin and if not then your efs is corrupted !
I think combination file might downgrade with re partition
Any information how to downgrade modem and bootloader?
i purchased my s9+ online from Jumia in NIgeria. there are no available OTA upgrades. phone says no available update info.
i've tried Odin to no avail. i don't seem to find a working download for kies.
software info attached.
in odin download mode the following conflicting info.
product name sm-g965n
current binary: custom
erp and dem lock: off
sec download enabled
warranty void
asb_version 8
etc.
i have downloaded the following ROM and tried to flash via odin from sammobile:
G965FXXSDFTL1_G965FOXMDFTL1_ECT
it fails on repartition. i enclose scr shot.
also when i use the on phone check for csc it gives something different (see attached)
i would like ideally to return to samsung official rom so n can get all latest updates.
i havent done anything to the phone in terms of rooting etc, it came rooted (or partially) and with custom rom installed.
please help!
boogie73 said:
i purchased my s9+ online from Jumia in NIgeria. there are no available OTA upgrades. phone says no available update info.
i've tried Odin to no avail. i don't seem to find a working download for kies.
software info attached.
in odin download mode the following conflicting info.
product name sm-g965n
current binary: custom
erp and dem lock: off
sec download enabled
warranty void
asb_version 8
etc.
i have downloaded the following ROM and tried to flash via odin from sammobile:
G965FXXSDFTL1_G965FOXMDFTL1_ECT
it fails on repartition. i enclose scr shot.
also when i use the on phone check for csc it gives something different (see attached)
i would like ideally to return to samsung official rom so n can get all latest updates.
i havent done anything to the phone in terms of rooting etc, it came rooted (or partially) and with custom rom installed.
please help!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flash correct version of the firmware. It looks like your phone is running custom rom. Download the Korean firmware (N) and try to flash with odin.
sinkoo1979 said:
Flash correct version of the firmware. It looks like your phone is running custom rom. Download the Korean firmware (N) and try to flash with odin.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
same result unfortunately using g965N.
boogie73 said:
same result unfortunately using g965N.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
on the phone it says secure check tail: (PIT)
boogie73 said:
on the phone it says secure check tail: (PIT)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try odin 3.13.1_3b
sinkoo1979 said:
Try odin 3.13.1_3b
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All done. it worked. wiped out my data though. anyway all backed up.
boogie73 said:
All done. it worked. wiped out my data though. anyway all backed up.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thank you. much appreciated
boogie73 said:
thank you. much appreciated
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem!
Can you help me with how you solved it !? TnX
Zomby77 said:
I have the same problem!
Can you help me with how you solved it !? TnX
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
have you solved as yet?
read the thread fully.
if not the issue was solved by using an older version of Odin.
you need the appropriate ROM for your region, in your case as was mine you need firmware from Korea (N).