I am just learning how to get down and dirty with my phone and I have not done a rom flash before but I am very comfortable tweaking my Registry. I am sick of the neutering that Telus has done to my phone and I want to try a new rom but there is a lot of confusing acronyms tossed around (CID, SPL, HardSPL, etc....) There is also these words that scare me LOL like bricked, dead etc.... Basically what I'm looking for is a no nonsence guide that will accomplish the following.
1. Start with some simple theory
2. Explain the process of the unlocking (CID, SPL, et...)
3. How to back up my stock rom in case of emergency
4. How to use a kitchen to build the rom
5. How to flash my device with a custom rom
6. How to flash my Radio Stack and what radio stack is safe to use on TELUS
7. Finally how to restore my device back to factory should It need service.
If these resources do exist and I just cant find them, (XDA is huge). Please don't hesitate to point me at the right place(s). I am just terrified of bricking my phone and being unable to afford a new one.
Also, if no such inclusive guide exists but enough people can get me safely through the process, I will wright a guide for it on the wiki Scouts honor.
---------
Phone: Telus Touch Pro
Carrier: Telus
Rom: Stock but want to change
Radio: Stock but want to change
I've asked a bunch of those questions on XDA's IRC channel, which is why a guide on the theory/benefits/facts etc. on flashing would be great to the forums. I have not flashed my device yet, for the same reason as you, that I cannot afford another phone if it gets bricked and me purchasing my unlocked phone on craigslist from a complete stranger. I only hard-reset my Raphael and installed only the bare essentials since the phone is fast enough for me. No one has really proven to me "You're driving a Ferrari in first gear", as the author of blownfuze referenced between non-flashed Raphaels vs. flashed Raphaels. I understand flashing helps the speed of your phone and enables you to do other cool things, but everything runs fine on my phone and I felt that the risk, even if it were around 10% of bricking, was not worth it for me. Perhaps when I get a job again I'll hardspl it.
edit: opps, this is CDMA forums. I have a GSM phone.
Here you go, check out the stickys on this page. TONS of information here
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=68
stanglifemike said:
Here you go, check out the stickys on this page. TONS of information here
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=68
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you Flash was successful. Will write a guide shortly
Wow, you could of used the Wiki stickied in every single Raphael forum here at XDA-> Clicky
Related
I was looking for some help with a ppc6800. The phone I have is with ivc cellular and was looking for help with loading a new spl and a cooked rom. I have read as much as I could and everything I found was for either sprint or verizon. I have a 8525 that I have cid/sim unlocked and loaded one of josh's roms so I understand all the steps. I need to know where to look as I am new to doing cdma phones. Also this phone is already activated with ivc cellular.
Thanks for any help!
You say you did a lot of reading but I'm kind of skeptical about that since if you did you probably wouldn't be asking this question You're already in the place to look for ROMs!
Anyway, here's the steps.
1. Find and download nueSPL 2.47. It's available on this forum somewhere.
2. Install nueSPL 2.47. You will need a micoSD card 2GB or less.
3. Your OS may or may not boot after this (I can't remember as it was many months ago when I did it). So put your phone in bootloader by pressing camera+power+reset
4. Flash a new radio ROM. 3.42.50 is the latest and most recommended. You will need to go into bootloader again once this is done.
5. Find an OS ROM on here that you think you'll like. There are many options from many different people.
6. Flash the ROM via the instructions that are usually provided in the ROM's associated thread on the forum. It's very easy. You can also flash via micoSD card. Instructions for how to do that are in the wiki.
7. Install the carrier cab for your carrier. This may be the tricky part if your carrier is a small one but there should be info on here somewhere of what to do if that's the case.
8. Customize the ROM to your liking by tweaking and installing programs. Ask questions on the forums if you have to but make sure you search first.
9. Enjoy.
Anything I said you need to download you'll probably want to get before you start.
If your data doesn't work after flashing, you probably forgot to install the carrier cab. I'm putting this in because it seems to be the most common problem people ask about and it's been answered about a billion times.
You may also want to look up the aGPS fix to get faster GPS locks if you find your GPS programs take awhile to get a lock.
i was originally on at&t 2.3.6 firmware, after rooted it and unlock the bootloader i decided to install the "DarkSide" rom on prefinal version and it worked fine (minor bugs), but my question is that if i decide to install the latest version of alien (which i have heard the version in minor of 2.3.6), could cause me any kind of brick???
i am really new on all of this and i don't want to screw anything
Thanks in Advance.
If you've unlocked the bootloader, it shouldn't have a problem. I say shouldn't because there's always a small chance that something can happen. But to be honest, bricks usually happen when users don't follow instructions or read warnings, at least in my experience.
First rule of thumb when end user hacking or softmodding any device, be it a game system or phone, always read instructions all the way through before and during the process. This will minimize the chance of bricking.
If you're not comfortable with taking the risk, then maybe you shouldn't have unlocked the bootloader. I just hope that you realize your phone's warranty is shot, and there's no going back.
Sorry, I'm not trying to sound rude. I just want you to realize that if it bricks, you're responsible, and nobody else is. But it shouldn't brick if you follow directions carefully, and make sure you're installing the correct version, be it Bell or AT&T. Also make sure, in general for any rom, that you don't install a version with high-performance mods, like overclocking to 1.45ghz. This is not to be done lightly, as it can lead to burning up your phone, if not taken care of properly. Again, read warnings.
It is recommended to perform a backup of apps, contacts, SMS or whatever before doing anything. This can help when testing a new rom, as there may be something you end up not liking about the rom, and redoing the whole setup process can get tiring. I recommend TiBu (Titanium Backup) for apps and Super Backup for SMS, contacts, and Call logs. These are available in the market, and they work across different roms. TiBu Pro costs about $5 though, but it's the second best $5 spent on the market, next to PowerAmp. ( ) It will be invaluable to you. The free version does not support batch restore (and backup I think, batch means multiples at a time)
I wish you luck, and I hope this helps. If you skipped parts of this (I understand why, loooong), I warned you.
Take care,
Drakonas
So, if i wanted to install Alien or NottachTrix1.2.5 rom is nesesary that i need to get back to 2.3.6 at&t stock firmware???, i am currently on darkside rom, my atrix was rooted and unlocked when i was on 2.3.6 new version of at&t
I really want to test Alien or NottachTrix rom, Any help would be truly appreciated
this is a bit off but could you link me to the directions you used to unlock the BL for 2.3.6? >.<
ianwardell said:
this is a bit off but could you link me to the directions you used to unlock the BL for 2.3.6? >.<
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry about the late answer
I just follow this video
well, i can not post a link because i have less than 8 messages but the exact name on youtube is "How to Unlock the Bootloader for Atrix 4G Running GB 2.3.4 and 2.3.6 4.5.141"
i know that it says that is for atrix at&t 2.3.4 but it worked for my virgin atrix 2.3.6 at&t, i recomend to watch the video 3-5 times before trying, just follow step by step very carefully and when in your phone says that:
"Failed to boot, error 0x1000"
"No OS found"
i just restarted the same program but in option 3, it will automatically follow the next step
Remember, this is not a guide of any kind, just sharing my personal experience, this is what i used
Virgin Atrix 4G AT&T 2.3.6 4.5.141 firmware
Windows 7 64-bits
and the software that is on the video, please tell me how it goes for you, remember ask all your questions before doing it
I have the following:
Samsung-SGH-I777
2.3.6
I777UCKK6
2.6.35.7
GingerBread.UCKK6
I have spent a lot of time reading XDA and other Android Boards hoping I could find a pretty straightforward way to get control of my phone (su access?). I want to get rid of apps that T put on and I also want to be able to hotspot my phone. But I really want to understand what I am doing. Every thread seems to assume a level of knowledge I just don't think I have. I'm tempted to jump in but feel like I'll then just be a poster saying HELP BRICKED MY PHONE.
When I come across a youtube or pdf that looks promising - it invariably has comments associated with it like: Oh, if you upgraded to 2.3.6 watch out.....or, I did this and now my wifi doesn't work.
Here is my question - can anyone point me to a thread or website that really walks a novice through the basics like the difference between a Rom and a kernel, how the SD card works etc.
And certainly if someone can point me to a solid root procedure for my phone (see above) please feel free.
Thanks for listening
Peter
Stackman1 said:
I have the following:
Samsung-SGH-I777
2.3.6
I777UCKK6
2.6.35.7
GingerBread.UCKK6
I have spent a lot of time reading XDA and other Android Boards hoping I could find a pretty straightforward way to get control of my phone (su access?). I want to get rid of apps that T put on and I also want to be able to hotspot my phone. But I really want to understand what I am doing. Every thread seems to assume a level of knowledge I just don't think I have. I'm tempted to jump in but feel like I'll then just be a poster saying HELP BRICKED MY PHONE.
When I come across a youtube or pdf that looks promising - it invariably has comments associated with it like: Oh, if you upgraded to 2.3.6 watch out.....or, I did this and now my wifi doesn't work.
Here is my question - can anyone point me to a thread or website that really walks a novice through the basics like the difference between a Rom and a kernel, how the SD card works etc.
And certainly if someone can point me to a solid root procedure for my phone (see above) please feel free.
Thanks for listening
Peter
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry man, That level of knowledge you speak of, is what you need. If you cant find the info, dont root your phone.
We dont hold hands here, there is plenty of info around. Find it and put it to use.
If you searched for everything your looking for, you'd find your answers.
Its obvious that you HAVE NOT spent anytime looking for the answers you seek.
Good luck peter.
Like what was said above, getting the information for all these things is really simple.
Read the stickies.
All of the warnings and disclaimers are tacked onto the instructions because people don't want you to blame them if you don't follow directions or if something that works for someone else doesn't work for you.
Stackman1 said:
I have the following:
Samsung-SGH-I777
2.3.6
I777UCKK6
2.6.35.7
GingerBread.UCKK6
I have spent a lot of time reading XDA and other Android Boards hoping I could find a pretty straightforward way to get control of my phone (su access?). I want to get rid of apps that T put on and I also want to be able to hotspot my phone. But I really want to understand what I am doing. Every thread seems to assume a level of knowledge I just don't think I have. I'm tempted to jump in but feel like I'll then just be a poster saying HELP BRICKED MY PHONE.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you using the AT&T phone on T-mobile? Just curious.
When I come across a youtube or pdf that looks promising - it invariably has comments associated with it like: Oh, if you upgraded to 2.3.6 watch out.....or, I did this and now my wifi doesn't work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just my personal opinion, but I would forget all the other sites, and youtube videos, and stick with what you learn here.
Here is my question - can anyone point me to a thread or website that really walks a novice through the basics like the difference between a Rom and a kernel, how the SD card works etc.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm not aware of such a guide. Some of the information is so basic that no one would think to make a guide for it. But I can give you one tip: in my guide there is a link to extra information for newbies. That can be fairly helpful.
And certainly if someone can point me to a solid root procedure for my phone (see above) please feel free.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In my opinion, my guide is the best, but if you must, you can also use Jivy26's how to root guide.
Thanks for listening
Peter
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Creepy -
Thanks for taking the time to reply. I am using the AT&T network.
Hey man, you gotta be willing to take that big plunge. Over in the Dev section there is some good info. But you gotta be willing to take that challenge on. Just be prepared to have a brick if you do it wrong.
BigRob1712 said:
Hey man, you gotta be willing to take that big plunge. Over in the Dev section there is some good info. But you gotta be willing to take that challenge on. Just be prepared to have a brick if you do it wrong.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It is really hard to brick your phone following the instructions here.
As long as you don't flash anything outside the AT&T Galaxy S2 Forums.
Id recommend Creepy's guide, Ive used this myself and can vouch for it. Avoid (no offense meant) using Zedomax's method to avoid the headache of breaking wifi and trying to get it back. and READ and RE READ before starting the process.
enjoy your soon to be freed phone
I very strongly agree with the advice to follow creepyncrawly's guide. Taking the time to read, understand and follow it will make the process easy and save you a lot of headaches. Don't be afraid to ask for clarification, but read, read and then read some more can't be stressed enough. Take it from a fellow novice.
I will continue to read and take the plunge soon. Definitely look into Creepy's guide.
Thanks to all that chimed in without lecturing.....
Try this link:
forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/ROM-VS-Kernel
mmarquis said:
Try this link:
forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/ROM-VS-Kernel
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What link? Here ya go. http://forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/ROM-VS-Kernel
Sent from my SGH-I777 using Tapatalk 2
That's an OK summary of firmware, but the use of the word ROM as a generic term for firmware needs a little explanation.
A ROM, or read-only memory, is a computer memory chip that has machine executable code built into it when it is manufactured. The code can not be changed. Later models of the chip were programable, and were called PROM, or programable read-only memory which can be programed once, and ePROM, or erasable programable read-only memory, which can be reprogrammed. These type of chips were used in the earliest micro computers, up until current computers, to accomplish the first step in the boot-up process.
Smart phones do not have a ROM or similar memory chip. They use NOR, P-SRAM and/or One-NAND, forms of non-volatile flash memory. The Galaxy series uses NAND memory to store the firmware. The iPhone uses PSRAM.
The use of the term ROM to refer to the firmware which contains the operating system for the phone is merely a convention, but one which has a huge amount of traction, so much so that we all use the term. There are some who would like to see the term ROM disappear in favor of the term firmware, but that is unlikely.
xhepera said:
I very strongly agree with the advice to follow creepyncrawly's guide. Taking the time to read, understand and follow it will make the process easy and save you a lot of headaches. Don't be afraid to ask for clarification, but read, read and then read some more can't be stressed enough. Take it from a fellow novice.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 to this. Also, if you ever need help, you can check out the IRC channel. There's usually someone there that can help.
creepyncrawly said:
Are you using the AT&T phone on T-mobile? Just curious.
Just my personal opinion, but I would forget all the other sites, and youtube videos, and stick with what you learn here.
I'm not aware of such a guide. Some of the information is so basic that no one would think to make a guide for it. But I can give you one tip: in my guide there is a link to extra information for newbies. That can be fairly helpful.
In my opinion, my guide is the best, but if you must, you can also use Jivy26's how to root guide.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I believe I used creepy's guide, entropy's posts. Gotta focus on one thing: getting clockwork recovery mode on (CWM). Get that and you can load a from from here. Don't use rootwiz or anything else. Make XDA your some source.
Sent from my SGH-I777 using xda premium
Irc channell.... so many people in there can answer and if ur going to for some reason use zedomax tutorial.. as i did with my Mac do it with entropy daily driver kernel
im on my phone. expect terrible typos.
Please use the Q&A Forum for questions &
Read the Forum Rules Ref Posting
Thanks ✟
Moving to Q&A
All i did to root my sgs2 was get the proper drivers on pc (kies installs them i believe?). Downloaded odin 1.85 and any kernel that has cwm (i used siyah). put the phone in download mode (lots of places tell you how to do this). Put the kernel in the pda spot in odin. And flash.
Now you have a rooted phone with cwm (if all went right).
then you just download your favorite rom (i used serendipity 9.4) and place on sd card. Boot to recovery. Wipe cache/dalvik cache and factory wipe. Then flash your rom.
That's how i did it any way
Must be something in the water...
murauder said:
All i did to root my sgs2 was get the proper drivers on pc (kies installs them i believe?). Downloaded odin 1.85 and any kernel that has cwm (i used siyah). put the phone in download mode (lots of places tell you how to do this). Put the kernel in the pda spot in odin. And flash.
Now you have a rooted phone with cwm (if all went right).
then you just download your favorite rom (i used serendipity 9.4) and place on sd card. Boot to recovery. Wipe cache/dalvik cache and factory wipe. Then flash your rom.
That's how i did it any way
Must be something in the water...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The bolded statement is inaccurate. If you followed this sequence exactly as stated, you were not rooted until you installed serendipity.
Noob to noob
The information creepy posted is the way to go. I used his superoneclick with root to get out of a failed clockwork mod loop back to stock with root.
The post was I777UCKH7OCD Root no BL.7z. This will give you clockwork mod recovery from which you can do further modifications.
The program is a 7zip file. READ about 7Zip. Follow the instructions.
Practice getting your phone into download mode (dry runs).
Don't panic.
After reading if you still have questions, read some more. All the information is here.
When you sucessfully root, look in the dev section and read about the custom roms/firmware and see how they operate, problems, successes before choosing.
Personally I like the AOKP by Task, but it is all preferences.
Good luck, you can do it.
Ok, you know, today I got my phone, I had been waiting forever, I got it and within 2 hours I screwed it up. I have followed and followed many forums and posts on how to fix this, and I am just.. lost. So please i need your help, I am seriously stressing out, and I know I shouldnt, but this is my first android phone. I am shot right now.
I had unlocked the bootloader, and then I tried to root it, then it rebooted and went into bootloop mode or whatever it is.
I still cannot figure out how to use this Hasoons2000's OX+ AIO kit. So I am just leaving it alone.
Ok the PC doesn't recognize it as a storage device, but the fastboot does recognize it, as I have executed a few commands, like reboot or something, just to test that it works.
My phone is ATT but I am in Russia so there is no sending this anywheres. All I want to do is reboot the OS and have it work again, I dont care what mod or stock rom it is, I just really need some direction here.
I know something about RUU, ATT RUU, Fastboot, some other stuff, I have like 5 pages on XDA pulled up and I cant figure this out.
What is the CMW or TWRP or whatever it is called? How do I flash a zip or an img to the phone? I really just want my phone on again.
Yes Ive done stupid noob stuff, but you learn. So please I am kindly asking for any assistance,
No need to stress. Its fairly hard to brick your phone, good way to learn quick also is to screw with it.
Just need the right guide and I think this will help you since u have fastboot access hopefully. Its a pain rebuiling so read everything so u only have to do it once.
Remember these guides are for different phones so don't use the ruu or recovery links, user my links below.
Your phone is:
AT&T(Evitare)
This guide:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=30863908
Or this guide:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=27301573
This is for another phone so you need to choose an ATT ruu from here for step 1:
Your phone is a HTC One X+ for AT&T(Evitare)*
http://www.androidfiles.org/ruu/?developer=EvitaRE
More info here for custom recoveries etc which is cwm and twrp for deploying roms, backing up your current installed Rom and general tools for fixing or enhancing your phone, displayed prior to your phone booting into android:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=37778531
Sent from my HTC One X+ using xda premium
somemadcaaant said:
No need to stress. Its fairly hard to brick your phone, good way to learn quick also is to screw with it.
Just need the right guide and I think this will help you since u have fastboot access hopefully. Its a pain rebuiling so read everything so u only have to do it once.
Remember these guides are for different phones so don't use the ruu or recovery links, user my links below.
Your phone is:
AT&T(Evitare)
This guide:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=30863908
Or this guide:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=27301573
This is for another phone so you need to choose an ATT ruu from here for step 1:
Your phone is a HTC One X+ for AT&T(Evitare)*
http://www.androidfiles.org/ruu/?developer=EvitaRE
More info here for custom recoveries etc which is cwm and twrp for deploying roms, backing up your current installed Rom and general tools for fixing or enhancing your phone, displayed prior to your phone booting into android:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=37778531
Sent from my HTC One X+ using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thank you very much I really appreciate your help. I finally figured out the ruu.exe thing, I didnt know they had to be the same numbers, ex 1.15.xxx.xx or whatever.
You see what happened originally was that I unlocked the bootloader, easy pie, but I tried to root it and that is when it started looping. Maybe I didnt understand something, but I seemed to have messed up right there.
Is there really any reason to root? I mean yeah there is super user, but doesnt bootloader help with that a bit? I know BL is for flashing custom roms and all.
May I ask how to flash a custom rom? I really want all of this ATT stuff off of my phone, I really dislike it.
Yes I know I can search, here, google etc. And maybe I should, but I end up getting so many different results, and here and there, and this and that. It really is just easier to talk to one single person who knows what they are doing. So if you could help me, I would again extend my appreciation.
Also I have the android revolution for ox+, and I dont know if it is.. you know.. THE BEST or not. Dont know what to do.
And yes, you live and learn, took me forever with iphones, then I realized hacking and roms and stuff were completely different from iphone. So new game new story.
Being newly interested in rooting and tweaking my devices (started with my S3) there are a lot of terms that are mentioned in customizing threads that I do not understand, and a lot of those threads don't have detailed instructions for someone that's new to tweaking. Is there one post somewhere on xda that lists terms, methods, etc for newcomers like me?
I don't trust any forum other than xda because I simply think its the best forum for tweaking, etc so I don't really trust links outside xda. I also know that the way some things need to be done is device specific.
I'm confused about how to "flash" something in "recovery' (such as removing the wifi notification thread), flashing a custom recovery, using Goomanager to flash, etc. Don't get me wrong; I can follow detailed instructions as long as they are there......but if they aren't, that leaves me and a great deal of newcomers in the dark.
Some of these things are done via the phone and some have to be done via PC....and many times there aren't detailed instructions so I'm unsure what I an supposed to do and don't want to brick a $700 device.
So....is this information contained in all separate posts throughout the forum? Or is there one thread per device that details it? Being as some of these things are device specific, I'm hesitant to even look in other device forums.
Thanks for reading, and any assistance is appreciated.
wolfgrrl said:
Being newly interested in rooting and tweaking my devices (started with my S3) there are a lot of terms that are mentioned in customizing threads that I do not understand, and a lot of those threads don't have detailed instructions for someone that's new to tweaking. Is there one post somewhere on xda that lists terms, methods, etc for newcomers like me?
I don't trust any forum other than xda because I simply think its the best forum for tweaking, etc so I don't really trust links outside xda. I also know that the way some things need to be done is device specific.
I'm confused about how to "flash" something in "recovery' (such as removing the wifi notification thread), flashing a custom recovery, using Goomanager to flash, etc. Don't get me wrong; I can follow detailed instructions as long as they are there......but if they aren't, that leaves me and a great deal of newcomers in the dark.
Some of these things are done via the phone and some have to be done via PC....and many times there aren't detailed instructions so I'm unsure what I an supposed to do and don't want to brick a $700 device.
So....is this information contained in all separate posts throughout the forum? Or is there one thread per device that details it? Being as some of these things are device specific, I'm hesitant to even look in other device forums.
Thanks for reading, and any assistance is appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, this can be a complex arena to play in. For the S4, you'll want to download Odin v3.07 and a copy of the stock ROM just in case you break something.
> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2289325
> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2189539
ROM = read-only memory - this is the part of your phone's internal storage you're not really supposed to be able to play with (like /system, or the phone's radio for example)
The act of "flashing" is writing data to ROM
Recovery just means that you should always be able to boot your device into this mode to RECOVER from a software problem; IE: flashing a bad ROM (IE: one that doesn't work and you can't start your phone anymore).
I don't really know a whole lot more than that, I just poke around and pretend like I do =)
OverkillSD said:
Well, this can be a complex arena to play in. For the S4, you'll want to download Odin v3.07 and a copy of the stock ROM just in case you break something.
> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2289325
> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2189539
ROM = read-only memory - this is the part of your phone's internal storage you're not really supposed to be able to play with (like /system, or the phone's radio for example)
The act of "flashing" is writing data to ROM
Recovery just means that you should always be able to boot your device into this mode to RECOVER from a software problem; IE: flashing a bad ROM (IE: one that doesn't work and you can't start your phone anymore).
I don't really know a whole lot more than that, I just poke around and pretend like I do =)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks As I learn more, I think I'm going to make a post that contains everything I learn, so others have it all in one place.
Well, there's a LOT to learn...like I said; complex arena. So much so that there's no way to make a single post take you from newbie to knowledgeable newbie in one read.
Then there's Google;
"what is rom"
"what is flashing rom"
"what is recovery mode android"
Eliminates the need for said post
Plus, by the time you get it all written, it will have all changed ^_^