What is the best kernel for vibrant ؟؟؟؟؟ - Vibrant Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Please help in the best Kernl
For your Samsung Vibrant with the knowledge that I used MIUI-4
Esha and I want to knock the installation Kernel
Since it is your 1st post I won't delete, post Questions in Q&A... last warning... oka1 moderator

For miui thats based on cm7, i think its between glitch and streamline
sent from the xda app on my android smartphone.

Look at NOOB_IN_N33D's miui guide. It has all the kernels for miui in it and brief descriptions. Its stickied in Q&A.

i'm back on Axura and couldn't be happier

I used glitch over streamline so I could undervolt
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA App

popthree said:
i'm back on Axura and couldn't be happier
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
vintage
manus ferrera said:
I used glitch over streamline so I could undervolt
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can undervolt with streamline....im running it right now, -50 across the board

Does anyone know where I can find the stock kernel that came with 2.1 in a flashable zip file?

TrueYears said:
Does anyone know where I can find the stock kernel that came with 2.1 in a flashable zip file?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
-Stock Android 2.1 Download

theexel said:
-Stock Android 2.1 Download
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you!!

GlitchV14 Preview with ICS Passion v9.1

andyklk10 said:
GlitchV14 Preview with ICS Passion v9.1
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hahaha you consider a preview kernel, with limited features/functionality and some bugs, to be the best kernel available to the vibrant?? or is it only the best because that's what you have?
i couldnt even mount my sd to my computer on that kernel.
im not trashing the dev by any means, thats why he called it a "preview kernel". but to come onto a thread and call it the best available is ignorant, and can be very misleading to inexperienced users.

Honestly , you should try it, It work so good, Speed is great! , No lag, Battery life is awsome., the only problem, the games open but for some reason close,/

andyklk10 said:
Honestly , you should try it, It work so good, Speed is great! , No lag, Battery life is awsome., the only problem, the games open but for some reason close,/
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So far battery life is ok for me, less than stock passion but thats expected for a preview. I am finding Live OC incredible, set clock speeds on the fly.
But overall Topshelf is right, its a PREVIEW, with more features and fixes to come, so its not best kernel as of right now, but imo soon

Related

[Q] Best Froyo Custom ROM for Vibrant?

Please help me to choose best custom ROM for VIBRANT.........
Flash and test all of them yourself. We have no idea what you prefer and we are not mind readers.
Everyone just ignore these types of posts
OP,
this section is purely for development and not general questions. You can try asking this in the Q&A section but I would refine your question to include what you like in a rom? Are you looking for a stockish 2.2, fast, minimal tocuhwiz, no touchwiz, etc...
ghamer said:
Please help me to choose best custom ROM for VIBRANT.........
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I will say this question has been asked a million times. It's user preference. It all depends on what YOU like. Take a look at the android development section. There are some videos on the custom ROM's. Take a look at user postings to see feedback. Educate yourself on what the developers have created.
I have flashed 4 different ROM's and used them each about 4-5 days to see what I like. Now I stick with the best!
SykesAT said:
OP,
this section is purely for development and not general questions. You can try asking this in the Q&A section but I would refine your question to include what you like in a rom? Are you looking for a stockish 2.2, fast, minimal tocuhwiz, no touchwiz, etc...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I just got a vibrant and I'm pretty new to the forum. I'm looking to upgrade to a rom for speed. I don't know what touchwiz is so I don't care. Just as long as I have stable fast speed with some decent starting apps.
What is good rom for fast stable speed (Overclock speed)?
One with touchwiz and one without?
h1a8 said:
I just got a vibrant and I'm pretty new to the forum. I'm looking to upgrade to a rom for speed. I don't know what touchwiz is so I don't care. Just as long as I have stable fast speed with some decent starting apps.
What is good rom for fast stable speed (Overclock speed)?
One with touchwiz and one without?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Touchwiz is Samsung's version of Android kinda like Motorola's Motoblur and HTC's Sense or Expresso. It includes Samsung's apps, widgets,the dialer and all the icons just to name some.
Alot of people don't like Touchwiz because they think it bogs down the phone or they don't like the look of it. Personally I like certain elements of it.
They are many roms out there but for me I go back and forth between Axura and Mancut. Currently I am on Mancut 13 because it suits me perfectly based on the look, speed, included apps and over all stability.
Axura kinda offers the same thing but his roms are more themed, either way you can't go wrong with either of them.
use macnut R13 thats what im using and its pretty good so far
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA App
Today i`ve tried 3 rom`s (AOSPish, Nero beta 3 and Ginger somthing) and i think best of them is Nero Beta 3.
anaragayevafr said:
Today i`ve tried 3 rom`s (AOSPish, Nero beta 3 and Ginger somthing) and i think best of them is Nero Beta 3.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try Axura I found Axura and Nero to be best.
Nero beta 3 + oclf + super I/O
looking for ROM for good battery back up
am looking for ROM with good battery backup.
i need good UI as well.
i got my phone rooted.nothing else i have done. am new to android.
suggestions please
Thanks in advance.
dineshjain said:
am looking for ROM with good battery backup.
i need good UI as well.
i got my phone rooted.nothing else i have done. am new to android.
suggestions please
Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Trigger 3.2 with bali for battery
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA Premium App
toxic baby with bali kernel..sounds good..
Jasonhunterx said:
Trigger 3.2 with bali for battery
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
HI Jasonhunterx,
Thanx for the reply. I have the following spec: Firmware vesion: 2.1 Update1 Baseband version: T959UVJFD
Kernel version: 2.6.29
Build number: ECLAIR.
So can i still go for Trigger 3.2 with bali ?
dineshjain said:
HI Jasonhunterx,
Thanx for the reply. I have the following spec: Firmware vesion: 2.1 Update1 Baseband version: T959UVJFD
Kernel version: 2.6.29
Build number: ECLAIR.
So can i still go for Trigger 3.2 with bali ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, you can,
you are on JFD stock.
I would go for the "TARD" rom
My favorite color is blue, so i would recommend bionix next gen(never tried it but hear alot of good things), or trigger, i think trigger was awesome. But i agree with everyone else, its good to try them all .
dineshjain said:
am looking for ROM with good battery backup.
i need good UI as well.
i got my phone rooted.nothing else i have done. am new to android.
suggestions please
Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Bionix 1.3.1 and Project-V are your best bets for battery and style.
Bi winning V3 is an absolute beast on my phone. Best rom I've ever ran.
Bi-winning V3
custom roms for vibrant
I use bionix v1.3.1 rom by team whiskey with dragon kernel overclock to 1360mhz, so far its fast and stable

Is there a half decent rom for this phone?

ive read some of the threads and not been encouraged. basically looking for a 2.2 based rom, no less capability than stock. I mean whats the point in flashing a phone if I cant even use stereo bluetooth? Looking for better processing speed, no bloatware, faster internet speeds, but not losing stock abilitys
gingerbread themes would be a plus
rodimus_prime said:
ive read some of the threads and not been encouraged. basically looking for a 2.2 based rom, no less capability than stock. I mean whats the point in flashing a phone if I cant even use stereo bluetooth? Looking for better processing speed, no bloatware, faster internet speeds, but not losing stock abilitys
gingerbread themes would be a plus
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Adrynalyne's Super Clean 2.9 with one of his EB16 kernels.
rodimus_prime said:
ive read some of the threads and not been encouraged. basically looking for a 2.2 based rom, no less capability than stock. I mean whats the point in flashing a phone if I cant even use stereo bluetooth? Looking for better processing speed, no bloatware, faster internet speeds, but not losing stock abilitys
gingerbread themes would be a plus
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As far as most of us in this forum are concerned its Adrynalyne's Super Clean ROM's here are links to his ROMS and his new kernal.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=983395 ROM
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=995015 Kernal
I have tried just about everything out there and this works much better IMO than anything else, especially stock.
EDIT: You will need to look around in this section for themes that work with the version of rom you use, but there are alot of GB ones in there. http://forum.xda-developers.com/forumdisplay.php?f=722
DaleV said:
As far as most of us in this forum are concerned its Adrynalyne's Super Clean ROM's here are links to his ROMS and his new kernal.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=983395 ROM
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=995015 Kernal
I have tried just about everything out there and this works much better IMO than anything else, especially stock.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 I could not agree any more. Oh, and to the OP, just so you know, Bluetooth DOES work on Adynalyne's new kernel, that Dave just linked you to.
Dread This Day said:
+1 I could not agree any more. Oh, and to the OP, just so you know, Bluetooth DOES work on Adynalyne's new kernel, that Dave just linked you to.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dave?? Nice typo..LOL
rodimus_prime said:
faster internet speeds
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ROMs (and kernels for that matter) cannot give you faster internet speeds. The only thing that will give you a faster connection will be a better signal, and the only thing on your phone that can give you a better signal that you can change is the modem. What ROMs and kernels can do is make the connection more consistent, so the connection speed doesn't fluctuate as much, but that is the best you could hope for.
DaleV said:
Dave?? Nice typo..LOL
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
HAHA! I'm sorry! DALE* Been a rough day...lol.
Faster internet speeds...go sign up for a 4g plan...
Definitely go for Adrynalyne's Super Clean ROM's, they're awesome, Im running his Superclean 2.9.0 rom right now and I love it.
What threads have you been reading? Im super encouraged everytime I browse through here...
Oh and +1 for superclean
Sent from my SCH-I500 using XDA App
Hmm I was under the impression that a kernel could give you better net speeds if the default kernel has throttling enabled. Im pretty sure the fascinate fits into this category....
Sent from my SCH-I500 using XDA Premium App
bobloblaw1 said:
Hmm I was under the impression that a kernel could give you better net speeds if the default kernel has throttling enabled. Im pretty sure the fascinate fits into this category....
Sent from my SCH-I500 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
there is no throttling enabled in the kernel or rom. Any throttling Verizon is going to do is on the network side, and no kernel or rom you flash is going to do anything to fix it. The issue with the stock kernel, at least the Eclair one, was that during periods of high data usage, the kernel drivers weren't coded well and they would easily bog down under load due to the issues and cause heavy fluctuation in your connection speeds. SirGatez fixed the issue in his Eclair kernel, and I'm sure that when the Froyo source is released, or if he gets the i9000 source working, he'll do the same thing again with that. But, there is no throttling or other bandwidth control setup.
im trying to find a guide on how to install this rom suggested but im not seeing many details
rodimus_prime said:
im trying to find a guide on how to install this rom suggested but im not seeing many details
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you don't see many details you need to start reading. This place is saturated. All you need to do is search.
Sent from my SCH-I500 using XDA Premium App
Yukaia said:
Definitely go for Adrynalyne's Super Clean ROM's, they're awesome, Im running his Superclean 2.9.0 rom right now and I love it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All I read about is problems with Superclean... sod, mms
Sent from my rooted froyo Fascinate
rodimus_prime said:
im trying to find a guide on how to install this rom suggested but im not seeing many details
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Seriously??? You cant find anything about installing superclean?? Where exactly are you looking?
Sent from my rooted froyo Fascinate
ziggy484 said:
All I read about is problems with Superclean... sod, mms
Sent from my rooted froyo Fascinate
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
A rom is, as good as the operator and what that operator may have installed on his or her device. Sod, mms, and clock lag and other issues are not the fault of the rom.
rodimus_prime said:
im trying to find a guide on how to install this rom suggested but im not seeing many details
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=948722
good day.
Another +1 for super clean.
As a further example of how complications are usually the fault of the user..... I was rooted running S.C. 2.9.1 voodoo EB16 Kernal and I starting having restart problems and even a bootloop at one point.... This was not the ROM but a theme I had decided to flash over it. Anything outside of what is provided for you in the Super Clean threads is a gamble.
Currently after returning to stock I am running the same set-up minus the theme and am having no issues. Running smoother and faster than ever.
chopper the dog said:
A rom is, as good as the operator and what that operator may have installed on his or her device. Sod, mms, and clock lag and other issues are not the fault of the rom.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=948722
good day.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
so any issues are not the fault of the rom? What planet are you on? Btw, I went for sc 2.9 and it is good so far. Is that because adrynalyn made an awesome rom or because im a good "operator"?
Sent from a Superclean Fascinate
Smooth Operator?
Sent from my blue steel, debloated, battery sucking, froyo lovin, galaxy s ;D

[Q] Fastest Vibrant Kernel/ROM?

Hey guys. I was wondering what kernel and or ROM is the fastest availible at the moment.
I've been following the Android Developement pages here for a while, and I consider myself somewhat proficient at flashing firmware, etc.
I'm running CM7 on my Vibrant right now, and I was wanting to flash a different ROM. I considered going back to stock, but I wanted to get input on what is the fastest availible right now.
Also: what lagfixes and overclocking tools do you use? I am trying to make my Vibrant as fast as possible.
Any tips would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks.
Malice is the fastest. Bullet kernel is the only one which can do 1.4Ghz so i am assuming its the fastest.
Agreed! kernel/ROM (imho) Bullet1.42Ghz/Malice2.3.1.
Another good kernel i like is Tigersbloodv3
Both those kernels OC well if ur phone can handle it.
If your phone doesn't play well with OC my personal favorite is CwK
Also, download Spare Parts from the market and set both animations to "fast"... this makes the ROMs appear much faster.
The real test is going back and forth between apps and the load time.
"fast" is kind of a floating point. As someone already mentioned, fast can sometimes be as easy as speeding up the animations.
I've had great luck with the SimplyGalaxy roms due to their ability to remain fast months after flashing.
Cool! Thanks for all the input, guys!
What about overclocking and lagfix utilities?
I heard there is an app or tool that you can overclock, but set to underclock when the phone is not in use...
Also, I was using one click lag fix on stock, is there anything like that I need for these ROMs, or does it come built in?
For over/under clocking, try setcpu from the market.
OCLF is nowhere near as good as Voodoo. Most ROMs that are available in the dev section come with a voodoo injected kernel.
Try vibrace overclocked. I guerentee you will love it!
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA Premium App
Malice or Bi Winning W/ Bullet Kernel.
Then spare parts to adjust animation speeds. <3
I personally found MIUI to be the snappiest at 1.3 ghz.
I've been running custom ROMs on my vibrant since the day it became possible, and every time I install something other than one of Eugene's ROMs I come to regret it.
CM7 with a custom OC/UV kernel gets a 2100 Quadrant that translates to a really snappy UI and 3D faster than any 2.2 ROM.
Sent from my Vibrant on CM7
notverycreative said:
CM7 with a custom OC/UV kernel gets a 2100 Quadrant that translates to a really snappy UI and 3D faster than any 2.2 ROM.
Sent from my Vibrant on CM7
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I reach quadrant scores in the 2700's on 2.2.1 roms....but what does that really matter.
Hehehe...reminds me of when I was a kid..."my dad can beat up your dad"
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA Premium App
Where is this "bullet" kernel?
Dattack said:
Where is this "bullet" kernel?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I found it on the EDT forums.
idtheftvictim said:
my dad can beat up your dad
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
my kernel can quadrant ur kernel
poxxy said:
I found it on the EDT forums.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Remove the link please.
poxxy said:
my kernel can quadrant ur kernel
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
lmao!! Nice
Quesdtions
Alex9090 said:
Malice is the fastest. Bullet kernel is the only one which can do 1.4Ghz so i am assuming its the fastest.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where can I get the bullet kernel, and how do I know if it is compatible with my ROM (Bi-Winning V2)?
Thanks poxxy!
Sent from my SGH-T959 using XDA Premium App

[Discussion] CyanogenMod7

THREAD RULES: We DO NOT ask for ETA or release dates in this thread!
So it seems like everybody goes crazy when it comes to the porting of CM7. But why?
I got my hands on a SGS2 with CM7 installed. Tried it, experienced it a little. From what I experienced the CM7 wasnt something that special. I asked the owner of the phone what he though of the ROM. To my surprise he said "it's just a ROM". He also mentioned that the stock ROM was smoother.
So now I'm wondering, why all the fuzz? What are you expecting from CM7? What makes it so special and so popular?
I'm pretty sure that a lot of people who craves for the porting of CM7 has no clue of this.
(off topic: tbh, i'd rather prefer MIUI.)
edit: for the interface
My sister's Backflip has CyanogenMod 7 installed with 2.3.3 (Not even Froyo is released in Asia-Pacific regions) , it allows her to have OC/UV kernels from 600Mhz to 748Mhz . Her phone is wayyyyy less laggier than stock .(the difference is obviously obvious)
I'm not really good on those areas but arent you able to do that using SetCPU?
QNBT said:
I'm not really good on those areas but arent you able to do that using SetCPU?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
he said using oc/uv.. his sister device only support 600mhz by default, but because she uses custom oc/uv kernel, she can achieve 748mhz with help of setcpu. it depends on clock stepping that were supported by kernel, not by setcpu. setcpu only help to configure those clock stepping
Oh, never knew about that. From my use of SGA 800mhz is doing alright.
And as I mentioned, not really good at those areas so I didnt even know that "oc/uv" was overclock and undervolt xD
Some bugs fixed are gonna be fixed in CM. Camera quality should be bit better. Theme engine is built into ROM, so there will be much more themes for SGA. Im also excited about haptic feedback (not sure about this one).
And much more...
What i wish most for, is fix for SoD...
downloadonlyaccount said:
What i wish most for, is fix for SoD...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That depends on your hardware
Sent from my Awesome Galaxy Ace S5830 with XDA App
I'm not really excited for cyanogenmod, but for MIUI. I want it so bad!
MiUi is cyanogen based, if I'm not wrong.
First off I'm sure in cm there will be accurate battery reporting. No ****ty jumps in percentage.
Second, if CM is under way I believe developers will include uv, through kernels or modules. Overclocking though, may not be necessary.
Other than that the rom has so many tweaks. Over time and development CM will make our original firmware outmoded because it WILL get smoother.
buchi89 said:
I'm not really excited for cyanogenmod, but for MIUI. I want it so bad!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The same ;x but I would try CM too !
Sent from my GT-S5830 using XDA Premium App
Speed, stability, power, eyecandy, etc, etc.
But most of all; bugfixes and much more stability compared to stock firmware, as it is said that CM7 is build from the ground up so in my eyes it won't or even can't have the flaws that stock has.
Hey, it's only my opinion.
i think it`s only way to forget about SODs
Cyanogen is popular for a few reasons. It incoporates most worthwhile mods and runs normaly as well if not better than stock. Plus for me on a personal view it will help to get miui for sga.
Sent from my GT-S5830 using XDA Premium App
jusada said:
Cyanogen is popular for a few reasons. It incoporates most worthwhile mods and runs normaly as well if not better than stock. Plus for me on a personal view it will help to get miui for sga.
Sent from my GT-S5830 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You gave me a reason to wait for CM7 (Y)
hahaha..if you want to know..CM is a special ROM I guess, more unlock option on kernel than stock ROM, so I can say CM is a very customizing ROM.
for a prove, u can use an app called Tasker, on that app u can get more customized settings if u using CM.
CMIIW. sorry bad english

[Q] Which ROM Are You Using?

Hello GUIse & Girls
As you can probably see in the subject bar (or title bar) in this thread, I was wondering what ROM's you guys are using. I think I've probably tested all the ROM's available for the SGSII (Since I'm a themer) and I can't come to the conclusion on which one is the best, they all have their strong points but some are better than others. I will eventually will put a Poll up when I can collate ALL the ROM's that are the main ones (No offence the ones I miss out).
I'll start,
I change ROM's almost daily (As I said, I'm a themer and need to test features) but at present I am using Revolution 2.6 with the Speedmod t27 Kernel, the battery isn't as good as expected, I've disabled fast dormancy and hardly use 3G Data or Wi-Fi and it seems just to drain like none of it's business. I'm even using the Black Android Theme I made for the SGSII as blacks work better and use 30% less power on the Super AMOLED plus.
So, which ROM are you using?
Cognition 1.5 with Beautiful Honeycomb
good work
edit: what? no cognition
ShiningAce said:
Cognition 1.5 with Beautiful Honeycomb
good work
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I can't believe I missed Cognition out from the Poll, what was I thinking?!
And yes, Beautiful Honeycomb was our most diffcult of work to do, so much XML Modding it's unbelievable
Revolution from LeoMar
Nitroz said:
I can't believe I missed Cognition out from the Poll, what was I thinking?!
And yes, Beautiful Honeycomb was our most diffcult of work to do, so much XML Modding it's unbelievable
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
indeed. what were u thinking?!
ShiningAce said:
indeed. what were u thinking?!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I feel bad now Can you edit Polls?
VR 2.4.2 atm, thinking of switching to CM.
TheSaw said:
VR 2.4.2 atm, thinking of switching to CM.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I hear after Build 31 it's very stable. Which is always good.
Nitroz said:
I feel bad now Can you edit Polls?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
how to do that? newbie here
ShiningAce said:
how to do that? newbie here
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It was a question for me to edit it lol. I'll PM the Mods
lol. [email protected]#$
do edit it. its a good rom imo
Lite'ning ROM with rstopher's Red Theme.
I tries most of the rom. But for battery life and stability, in my opinion, the best is so far the stock one (KH3 for the moment). I just apply some tweaks^^ (CRT, APN, Talk2, UAchange in browser...)
Sakzaki said:
I tries most of the rom. But for battery life and stability, in my opinion, the best is so far the stock one (KH3 for the moment). I just apply some tweaks^^ (CRT, APN, Talk2, UAchange in browser...)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Usually stock is best as it's default with nothing added. You add whatever you want to it. Good really.
revolution from leomar
I recently got my SG S2, I replaced my beloved Xperia X10. This phone is a nice improvement, however I miss some stuff from the X10 like the led and the camera button
I just rooted my phone and I am lost in which ROM to install, My preferences are a stable full of gadgets and fast ROM
any suggestion?
ealax said:
I recently got my SG S2, I replaced my beloved Xperia X10. This phone is a nice improvement, however I miss some stuff from the X10 like the led and the camera button
I just rooted my phone and I am lost in which ROM to install, My preferences are a stable full of gadgets and fast ROM
any suggestion?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'd probably go with Revolution ROM, he included a ROM Kitchen app in it so you can install whatever tweaks and themes you need.
If you're looking for pure stability then it's Cognition.
Using DarkyRom KH3 with Supercore 1.6 kernel.
Great battery life, just the right amount of tweaks without over doing things and very stable
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
kersey said:
Using DarkyRom KH3 with Supercore 1.6 kernel.
Great battery life, just the right amount of tweaks without over doing things and very stable
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've never used DarkyROM is it any good? Might consider flashing it
Nitroz said:
I've never used DarkyROM is it any good? Might consider flashing it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've tried many of the different roms but find the DarkyRom a keeper. It's very close to stock in looks and use but with a few tweaks
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium

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