Has anyone in Canada gotten the update yet? I haven't had either of the two recent updates, live in BC, I hit the refresh button looking for new updates nothing ever shows up.
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using xda premium
The update will be available this week sometime. Also, the .13 update has been by passed and instead you will just go straight to .14
Canadian update is NOW .14 is...
Yep, didn't fix GPS
Yes, i just got the update this morning. So far so good but its to early to tell for sure if everything is okay.
Mind you i never had any problems before either so am keeping my fingers crossed.
Any Canadians here have a working GPS? With or without new update?
leebrunet said:
Yep, didn't fix GPS
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did your update come down automatically, or did you have to do a system firmware update from about tablet. I am in Montreal and have not seen it come down automatically (C1OKAS serial number)
Thanks for responding in advance
I was on .11 with C10KOS WW SKU TFB (Wow that's not even English anymore ) and I did a manual check for system update around 8:15 AM EST and found the .14 update. Its a tiny download and I have been running it for about 1.5 hrs now with no problems.
- Wifi is better
- No random reboots or problems during update. Actually, I didn't have any of the problems listed on some of the threads with my TFB (i.e. Random Reboots, Screen bleeds, wifi or GPS problems).
- Didn't factory reset before or after the update.
Hope that helps
For Me:
WW Model (Canada)
Got the .14 update (prev had .11)
Not rooted
Prev: With heavy use about 1 reboot a day and it would always reboot after 20-22 min of watching netflix.
Did the update, didn't reset anything.
Was able to watch netflix for over 30 minutes without issue.
So far so good.
My GPS was very very weak from the beginning. Maybe 1 sat when outside. But I didn't buy a tablet for heavy gps use.
Just updated, no glitches, re-rooted with voodoo, checked setcpu and Im still at 1.6ghz
I have BCOKAS01, was on .11 with no problems except gps, rooted.
I'm stuck at 99% but will keep waiting. Running .11 right now.
I'm a C1OKA and despite a gps that has never seen a bird I've had no problems. My wifi is weaker than other devices in my home,but totally usable. The browser hangs a few times a day but only for a moment. I have no light bleeding or rebooting issues.
I must say i am happy so far. As long as firmware updates don't render my prime unusable I plan on keeping mine. Will update later.
I have been getting all updates the same day its out on the forums automatically without manual update checks. I have c1 bought from canada Computers
No prpblems until. 13 (reboots, sleep of death, and bad battery life)but now that I have been on. 14, there hasn't been any troubles
Took mine this morning. I hit the postpone button for 1 day but it popped up again 10 minutes later (and did the same the next two times I hit postpone) so I had no choice since I'm not rooted.
So far it seems to be at least as good as .11 though it hasn't been running for long.
I had absolutely no trouble on .11 either, which is why I didn't really want to update.
So far so good.
Sent from my GT-I9000 using Tapatalk
THe update has been installed but now my tablet doesn't boot ... infinite loop of going from Asus Loading screen with the spinner to the "Eee pad" screen ...
I'll try rebooting it in 5 minutes if it's still in this state, don't want to mess with the update
Edit : Even after factory reset, it still doesn't boot.
My only guess is that somehow the update ate up all the battery and now the system doesn't think there's enough battery to first boot after a firmware update ...
Will have to wait tonight to get my charger, hopefully it's this, otherwise it broke my tablet
bimgirl said:
Did your update come down automatically, or did you have to do a system firmware update from about tablet. I am in Montreal and have not seen it come down automatically (C1OKAS serial number)
Thanks for responding in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I checked and it was available. Pretty much a forced update. Same serial number C1OKAS...
anthonyalberto said:
THe update has been installed but now my tablet doesn't boot ... infinite loop of going from Asus Loading screen with the spinner to the "Eee pad" screen ...
I'll try rebooting it in 5 minutes if it's still in this state, don't want to mess with the update
Edit : Even after factory reset, it still doesn't boot.
My only guess is that somehow the update ate up all the battery and now the system doesn't think there's enough battery to first boot after a firmware update ...
Will have to wait tonight to get my charger, hopefully it's this, otherwise it broke my tablet
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can try this:
http://www.transformerforums.com/forum/asus-transformer-help/6594-how-recover-boot-loop.html
Thanks, but that didn't help ... maybe waiting for the battery to run out and then charging it again will fix it ... otherwise I'm good for RMA
amarsnl said:
I'm stuck at 99% but will keep waiting. Running .11 right now.
I'm a C1OKA and despite a gps that has never seen a bird I've had no problems. My wifi is weaker than other devices in my home,but totally usable. The browser hangs a few times a day but only for a moment. I have no light bleeding or rebooting issues.
I must say i am happy so far. As long as firmware updates don't render my prime unusable I plan on keeping mine. Will update later.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok updated fine after hanging at 99 percent dl for 15 mins. I've seen no noticeable change in function at all in last 90mins of use. No reboots or problems, yet. Fingers crossed.
amarsnl said:
Ok updated fine after hanging at 99 percent dl for 15 mins. I've seen no noticeable change in function at all in last 90mins of use. No reboots or problems, yet. Fingers crossed.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Still no GPS, but that is no surprise.
HungryEel said:
I have been getting all updates the same day its out on the forums automatically without manual update checks. I have c1 bought from canada Computers
No prpblems until. 13 (reboots, sleep of death, and bad battery life)but now that I have been on. 14, there hasn't been any troubles
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sounds like you have the US version. The WW versions did not go through the .13 update.
my WW model received update today
i got the update this morning to .14 from .12....so good so far.....
Related
After updating this morning to .15, I just got the random reboot since before the .13 update. Using ICS+ browser.
Am I the only one? This sucks. Gary Key, I've already sent you a PM.
Please don't fill this thread stating .15 is working perfectly for you. I already know it is working well for most people.
How many reboots?
In over 48 hours I have had only 1 reboot and I believe it was my fault. I was using the stock browser and was trying to do too much at once and not letting it catch up.
If your having multiple reboots that is a different story.
Just one thus far. How can any reboot be "your fault"?
gbh62 said:
Just one thus far. How can any reboot be "your fault"?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really guy, you created a thread because of one reboot??? An issue would be if you had constant reboots, not just one. Every tablet I have owned rebooted now an then, it happens. Now lets see all the 'me toos' pop up now.
after the update gta3 doesnt work for me anymore anyone has the same issue. I clear data then uninstall and reinstall the apk nothing. It will work all the way up until the load is almost finish and it gets stuck on the load screen. Freaking A
update: now Age of Zombies lets me play for a while and then its goes black and restarts the game. WTF before the update it did not do this!
Going to restart the tablet and hope this fixes whatever is going on
update 2: looks like that solved it thank god,
so guys basic troubleshooting restart your devices and see if the problem continues
havi007 said:
,
so guys basic troubleshooting restart your devices and see if the problem continues
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's very good advice, you should always reboot after an update.
My prime started restarting when i had my xbox dongle in the USB slot today. Had about 5 reboots today. Never had a reboot before(well probably once every three/month).
One restart isnt something to be concerned about.
I have had one reboot since receiving the update yesterday.
My iPad reboots every now and then. No computer is perfect....
westcoastgeek said:
My iPad reboots every now and then. No computer is perfect....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I disagree, reboots are NOT normal, I had the Xoom since the day it was released till two weeks ago, and never had spontaneous reboots like the Prime does(I also had no issues with the Galaxy Tab, and the HTC Flyer.) App crashes, Apps not working till reboot are one thing but I am getting reboots on .15 when even trying to run Market updates. I have hard reset and had the market reload my apps and the problem came back the very next day. I just returned my unit to Frys since it was my last day in my return window. I also had a problem with the covers on the USB cable sliding off and if I plugged the charger upside-down I would get a slight shock from the back of the Prime.
They did not have any in stock to exchange, which might have been a blessing. I am going to wait and see how future shakes out before trying again.
My theory(unscientific) is the the Prime is using very slow NAND Flash memory for storage. I had the 64gb version and when writing to the storage it seems to take a lot longer than the Xoom. If I had 6 or 7 market updates on the Xoom it would take 30 to 40 seconds to download and install, the Prime would take 2 to 3 minutes(if it did not reboot itself before completing.). I would constantly get the Wait/Cancel prompt on the stock browser when a website was almost done loading, and writing cache to the NAND Flash.
westcoastgeek said:
My iPad reboots every now and then. No computer is perfect....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lockups and reboots are no different then a BSOD on a PC its 100% not normal and or acceptable.
docangle said:
I disagree, reboots are NOT normal, I had the Xoom since the day it was released till two weeks ago, and never had spontaneous reboots like the Prime does(I also had no issues with the Galaxy Tab, and the HTC Flyer.) App crashes, Apps not working till reboot are one thing but I am getting reboots on .15 when even trying to run Market updates. I have hard reset and had the market reload my apps and the problem came back the very next day. I just returned my unit to Frys since it was my last day in my return window. I also had a problem with the covers on the USB cable sliding off and if I plugged the charger upside-down I would get a slight shock from the back of the Prime.
They did not have any in stock to exchange, which might have been a blessing. I am going to wait and see how future shakes out before trying again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I agree, while my desktop PC seems to average between 5 - 10 a year, my blackberry playbook has had none so devices that don't randomly reboot are possible to make. In truth, though I love the Prime it has had the most random reboots of any device I have.
EVCT said:
I agree, while my desktop PC seems to average between 5 - 10 a year, my blackberry playbook has had none so devices that don't randomly reboot are possible to make. In truth, though I love the Prime it has had the most random reboots of any device I have.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My two year old PC has never had reboots, in applicaion crash on occasion. I think the key is the stability and quality of the components being used, and in this case ASUS is cutting corners to keep the price low. Look at the threads with peoples screens lifiting and dust under the screens.
Don't get me wrong, I like the Prime and I will probably get another when some of the issues get sorted out.
docangle said:
My two year old PC has never had reboots, in applicaion crash on occasion. I think the key is the stability and quality of the components being used, and in this case ASUS is cutting corners to keep the price low. Look at the threads with peoples screens lifiting and dust under the screens.
Don't get me wrong, I like the Prime and I will probably get another when some of the issues get sorted out.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its because of the Tegra3 i wouldnt call it cutting corners exactly however their quality control has been pretty terrible with the Primes.
I agree. Reboots are not normal. I have never had a single reboot on my desktop that I built or my laptop. The only time my phone has ever rebooted was due to a known issue with an ota, which is fixed. I NEVER had a reboot with my prime until. 15.
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using Tapatalk
I am experiencing lots of reboots
I was watching a flash video in the browser when this started. The tablet kept on rebooting itself over 15 times in a row....i had to use a paper clip in order to reset it. tablet has about 15% of charge left when this started. I am not sure if it related. This issue never occurred until this last .15 update. Also i noticed now they have the application not responding dialog box appears when an application hangs "IMBD", however after you hit kill the application it doesn't do anything and the tablet reboot itself withing 10 sec. ASUS when are you going to be able to fix this?
No reboot so far for five days.
hael007 said:
I was watching a flash video in the browser when this started. The tablet kept on rebooting itself over 15 times in a row....i had to use a paper clip in order to reset it. tablet has about 15% of charge left when this started. I am not sure if it related. This issue never occurred until this last .15 update. Also i noticed now they have the application not responding dialog box appears when an application hangs "IMBD", however after you hit kill the application it doesn't do anything and the tablet reboot itself withing 10 sec. ASUS when are you going to be able to fix this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
^^^
This. After I installed new flash update I keep rebooting when I play youtube video. Kept rebooting 3 times in a row. Won't go near youtube again until it is fixed. Happened in dolphin. Seems to happen every time.
I know some other people were having this problem a couple of ota's back, but the random reboots are increasingly happening. Anyone else having this problem on .21? Any known fixes? Thanks for any support/help
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using xda premium
THIS is the stuff that kills my enthusiasm
cullenmq1 said:
I know some other people were having this problem a couple of ota's back, but the random reboots are increasingly happening. Anyone else having this problem on .21? Any known fixes? Thanks for any support/help
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
/start rant
So what I really don't get is the incredible mix of results in the field to updates. I realize that there are infinite variables as far as installed software, system settings, environmental conditions (Temp, WiFi signal, router type, etc.) but from my observations, including results with my 2 TFP's and the posted results, it appears that:
For every new FW roll out, the following things will happen. 100% of the time:
1. Your WiFi Signal strength and throughput will get better
2. Or it will get worse - # of affected units vary, but we can tell exactly, just by estimating (LOL) Seems to affect roughly 50% of units in the field.
3. Your WiFi + Bluetooth streaming will get better (Unless it gets worse, which happens on half of the units affected bt the update.
4. It will stay the same. Exactly. This seems to NOT be affected by whether you had ****ty WiFi or Great WiFi.
5. Your GPS will come back after losing it in the last update. Or it will go away, if you got it back on the last update. Or it will stay the same, which is to say, it STILL works like ****, even if you can, for 9 seconds lock onto 14 out of 18.
I mean, Asus has ASSURED us that there are NO rolling hardware revisions. Even though a Support MANAGER, high enough up the food chain to have some real power told me my 2nd Prime "Had the new Hardware" Then again, he told my the GPS - THAT THEY TESTED ON THIS UNIT would be at LEAST as good as my TF101 was. (It isn't)
Why WOULD Asus admit new hardware was in place, even if it was? With the returns they are getting on these (less than 1%... ih, shuuure) could you picture the run on returns when folks caught wind of new hardware? For each Serial # revision, we see a slew of "Anything different?" questions. Picture someone saying, oh yeah: Wifi is off the charts, and the added 5 Ghz radio, and GPS works! It would be a feeding frenzy/bloodbath for folks to get the "NEW" ones..
Ahh well, all this is old news, been said time and again. Also when new users hit these forums, I kind of feel sorry for them, knowing the same old crew is gonna pounce on them with their positions and tell the poor noob what to love, what to hate, why the Prime is the best device ever since the dawn of time / worst POS that anyone ever sold... Man, I hope they are made out of taffy, cause they are in for some MAJOR being pulled in dif. directions.
Okay then. /Rant over
I understand completely what you are ranting about, but buggy wifi, bluetooth, gps doesn't really bother me. What I'm wondering about is less about hardware specs and more about these random reboots i got after the .19 update. Just wondering if anyone knows an effective fix...
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using xda premium
Okay, this should fix you up.
So, .19 - Thats obviously not US. Is the .21 we received here in USA available to you? If not and you are on the latest available FW, do what I did when .15 gave me issues: Roll back your FW. Using the instructions in this thread, you can roll back to whatever FW was trouble free for you. As I said, ALL versions were okay for me with mixed success but no major bugs like reboots.
Note you WILL need to root to roll back, but then you can choose to root again or stay unrooted. If you need a quick, easy root, use the Sparky Root apk that doesn't even require a PC to root!
Install any version (ICS, Honeycomb, change SKUs) to your Transformer Prime:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1492887
EDIT: LOL - I just noticed you DID the .21 update, but you said .19 in your post, probably thinking about what it was predicted to be for weeks before they actually rolled it at .21
yeah sorry... it was the previous one before .21. Just assumed it was .19 . okay yeah i am rooted and in the U.S. with .21 thought there might have been an easier fix where i could be on the current version but i guess not. It hasn't rebooted lately, maybe it just needed time to settle. Thanks for your help!
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using xda premium
reboots steps found
Hi,
I have managed to reproduce random reboots on my unit.
I'm running a TW unit on .21
1. Install TED from market place
2. Play any video, the one I used is Lucy McRae: How can technology transform the human body?
3. Pause the video
4. Wait for 5 minutes. I set my Transformer screen timeout to be 2 minutes
5. Press power again to activate the device and try to resume the video
6. 8 out of 10 times, my transformer will hang and reboot
Can anyone confirm this any other .21? Thank you!
I got a few random reboots after the update, but now they don't really happen from what I've noticed.
1. Backed up my app using the built in app backup tool
2. Factory reset
3. Installed TED and tried to play the same video, no hangs/reboots now
4. Tried to restore apps, tells me FAILED?!!?!?
-.-"
5. To restore all apps and try TED again.
Mine has been working fine since i got it up to the latest update wifi is strong and gps locks(not that i really use it).
There is actually a known issue with the TED app. They will need to update the app to resolve the issue on our primes.
It happens not only with TED but almost all other video players too. As long as I put it to sleep, once I try to resume the video, it hangs n reboots. It drove me nuts.
But I did a factory reset today (refer to the earlier post), and I haven't been reproduce the problem again. I will monitor for the next 7 days.
In the past 7 days, I had 3 reboots, all video related. From TED to DicePlayer etc.
I also do alot of surfing and run some apps, these do not encounter reboots.
Can anybody tell me if hey have a problem with their prime not coming on after it has been left on with the screen closed for some time?
If I close the screen down on mine and leave it for a hour when I open the screen up it doesn't come on and I have to hold the power button down for about 20 seconds before it then boots up as if it had been turned off.
I've tried the "cold" boot and I've tried a system restore but still the problem occurs. Other than that i have no issues with the prime I don't have a need for the
GPS and so thats never been an issue for me.
I'v got a stock 32gb prime and I'm running the latest firmware for the UK
Sent from my Transformer Prime TF201 using Tapatalk 2
See this thread: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1576450&highlight=sleep+of+death
stinebd said:
See this thread: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1576450&highlight=sleep+of+death
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the link ill try out those tips
You may want to check this out as well. People reported it helped with their sleep of death http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1674551
Mine too. And none of those 'tips' worked. I use my TFP for at least 10 hours every day. It's a workhorse and it does the job. Best machine I've ever had. But it has all the bugs others report as well. Browser crashes. Yes. Reboots. Yes. Laggy browser. Yes. Games bombing, yes. Poor wi-fi range and data speed. Yes. Battery time down to a few hours. I'm fed up with the so-called 'fixes'. Most cause other problems. Every time an update is hinted at, I think, 'Great.' But the update rarely seems to arrive. How many weeks has the current one been in 'beta'? I doubt that we will ever see it. It obviously hasn't done what they hoped and we will see another beta going out for test.
Early days yet but after disabling the MobilDock Battery saving mode I left mine in standby overnight opened up this morning and it was working ....like I said early days but hope springs eternal.
thanks for all the suggestions though guys, appreciate it
Since the .28 update today i saw the attached lines on the side of my screen, if i tough the screen they go away but the moment i take my hand off they come back. I am not sure if its the new update this has caused this issue or something else.
Anyone else have had same/similar issues since the new update?
Should I RMA TF201?
v1ks said:
Since the .28 update today i saw the attached lines on the side of my screen, if i tough the screen they go away but the moment i take my hand off they come back. I am not sure if its the new update this has caused this issue or something else.
Anyone else have had same/similar issues since the new update?
Should I RMA TF201?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey,
i was actually getting that on my tab too
i wasn't very sure
but usually if i press the home key, it would be gone... so i don't know...
Mine has also started doing this since .28 pretty sure this is the artifact issue talked about in the review thread in general. It's done it to me twice now,rebooting seems to have fixed it but never did this to me on any of the older firmwares. Prob have to wait till the next update see if they update the driver or somethin
I also rebooted the pad and its ok for now until as you say it comes back again. I just cant believe how updates which are meant to fix problems are causing more issues.
One thing i also noticed was that when playing NFS it crashed and the game was stuck, i had to reboot pad as nothing would work.
All these + other problems after the recent update!
I'm getting the same lines on my tablet. Just rebooted it and haven't seen the lines return after 5 minutes.
Im seeing these lines , except larger, when connecting to my laptop threw splashtop/my cloud.
Think its the same issue?
Have seen them in other build versions
Have seen them a couple of times on my prime .28 too. But I have seen them in the old firmware as well, so It's not a problem with the update.
They only appear in the homescreens and not in apps and they disappear shortly.
Manar Aleryani said:
Have seen them a couple of times on my prime .28 too. But I have seen them in the old firmware as well, so It's not a problem with the update.
They only appear in the homescreens and not in apps and they disappear shortly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ive only seen this since the update never had it on the .21 firmware. Anyway lets hope its sorted in the next release for now the reboot is doing the trick
Just when I thought ASUS was done with messing up my Prime, they do it again. I will never buy another ASUS product, in fact, in the past 5 months, I have purchased 2 Dells, 2 HP's, and 3 Kindle Fires. All users very satisfied.
I'm having this issue too.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7AK8Yyriiw
I'm gonna try manual firmware installation to see if this works. Suspects faulty firmware download via FOTA
That's a graphics memory issue. Its driver related, it was basically gone in .21 Update. It could have been re-introduced in .28 with the nVidia drivers update they did.
I'm almost sure it isn't Asus fault. At least not directly
The Zenfone 9 is a great little device. However, since today I have seen several automatic reboots of the device. Anyone else seeing this problem?
I haven't seen a reboot; any new app you've installed of late?
Good hint - I have installed one yesterday. Will uninstall and report back.
Unfortunately is still get 1-2 reboots a day. Not critical but annoying! Anyone else?
I'm on latest update and unlocked+rooted. Not a single unwanted reboot.
deepsync said:
Unfortunately is still get 1-2 reboots a day. Not critical but annoying! Anyone else?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you on the latest update? Mine hasn't arrived yet, but I'm worried this issue will appear on mine.
balkce said:
Are you on the latest update? Mine hasn't arrived yet, but I'm worried this issue will appear on min
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes I am. No worries. Device is great. Just software.
Did a hard reset - problem persists. Not sure what the cause is - working with Asus support on it.
Hi, a friend of mine with a ZF9 has got reboot every night during charge (he uses slow charge, this night he'll try normal charge).
He had reboot even during daytime, he did a hard reset yesterday and for now everything is ok, but I'll update with new info in case of.
I've been having those reboots for weeks now. There is an official thread on the asus forums talking about it. There are more than a dozen people who have also reported it and from the looks of it, Asus hasn't found the source of the problem yet. Out of curiosity, in which country did you buy it? Are you rooted?
my version is a french version. I neither had any beta OS on it nor was it rooted. I wanted to provide Asus with Logs but they rather wanted the device for repair, now I'm waiting for its return.
I doubt this is a hardware issue though as the reboots did happen in cold state w/o any system activities ongoing. The only special thing on my setup was that I used two sim cards in parallel.
I did a hard reset and he problem remained. I also used slow charging.
I'm from Italy and the phone of my friend is not rooted and with bootlloader locked.
I heard my friend minutes ago, and from when he deactivated programmed charging the issue seems to have disappeared. Have you got programmed charging on?
Yes, I have the upload scheduled. But I'm beginning to suspect that the problem originates from a lot in Italy. I just asked you because I thought it was from there.
Love this phone but also having the same issue. Bought from Asus directly (US site) too. There's a whole thread of folks with the problem too on their forum:
ZenFone 9 randomly restarts
Hi all, I bought an Asus ZenFone 9 from the UK online store. I started to migrate the apps from my old phone to the zf9 and once I finished I started to use my new ZenFone 9 as my main phone. However, I noticed around 3 dso that when i wentato unplug a fter charging the phone it looked as if it...
zentalk.asus.com
sakun-ice said:
Yes, I have the upload scheduled. But I'm beginning to suspect that the problem originates from a lot in Italy. I just asked you because I thought it was from there.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try to deactivate it and report please ;-)
My friend hasn't got reboot since then for now, two days and a half ago.
My reboots do not happen while charging, FWIW. And they're always while the phone is idle (sitting on desk). I look up and see it's spontaneously rebooting...
I was having reboots on custom kernel, just updated to 32.2050.2050.34 without going custom kernel (still rooted) and have had no reboots yet.
Mine reboots while watching YouTube app, either with high brightness, while charging, or both. It seems to be less likely to happen if i clear cache from YouTube settings.
It typically doesn't happen in other apps. Phone is stock. EU version.
After testing for a few weeks, there is a good chance that the reboots on my device are due to Magisk (not modules)